hi let's talk about the lateral wall of the nasal cavity the nasal cavity is an irregular
space bounded by the hard and soft palate as the floor the frontal and ethmoid and sphenoid
bones as the roof which is separated from the nasopharynx by the Kawana and communicates with
the external environment through the Mary's which feed into the nasal vestibule the medial wall
of the nasal cavity is the nasal septum which has been removed here in this sagittal section
specimen and the lateral wall consists of conchae or nasal turbinates which provide turbulence to
the inspired or inhaled air which brings as much of this air into contact with the mucosa
of the nasal cavity so that it may be warmed and moistened and can capture any impurities before
they enter the respiratory system the roof of the nasal cavity has olfactory epithelium
embedded within that epithelium are the ends for the olfactory nerves cranial nerve one so
that olfaction is possible now when we look at these nasal conchae we see that there are three
there is a superior a middle and an inferior nasal Concha the superior to our of the ethmoid bone and
we sometimes refer to them as ethmoturbinates the inferior is its own separate bone so looking here
at the skull in the anterior view we can see the inferior and the middle conky we cannot see the
superior from this video now the spaces which are surrounded by the nasal konkey are known as
me a das's the meatus is a tube-like space or opening and I just want to turn your attention
here to the the anterior view of the skull we can see how these conky scroll and so this space or
these spaces which exist within the scrolled bone that are invested by mucosa are the me
a das's so superior ly here between the superior Conca and the sphenoid bone and the remainder of
this the the roof of the nasal cavity which is the ethmoid is the Savino ethmoidal recess the
space which is inferior to the superior Conca and granted we can't see much of this because
it Scrolls around is the superior nasal meatus the space which is inferior to the middle nasal
Concha is the middle nasal meatus in the space which is inferior to the inferior nasal Concha
is the inferior nasal meatus now the nasal cavity is going to communicate with the paranasal sinuses
those hollow or cancellous spaces within the bones that are surrounding and forming the nasal
cavity and so different manases and the recess will communicate with these different cavities
in order to see these communications we need to remove the konkey or perform what would be
known as a turban ectomy the removal of a turban --it so we're looking at the lateral wall of the
nasal cavity here with the turbinates removed so someone has come through and they have removed the
superior they have removed the middle and they have removed the inferior turbinate so that we
can see the lateral walls more clearly so that we can see that the contents of of these misses
in addition here someone has added colored wire to demonstrate some of the communications that
we can see between these recesses and meatuses with the paranasal sinuses that they are going
to serve so starting here this would be within this vino ethmoidal recess we have a communication
with the sphenoidal sinus to the posterior so that red is the pathway to the sphenoid
'el sinus from the sphenoid moodle recess within the superior nasal meatus we have a communication
to the posterior ethmoidal air cells and i can see some of those there and some there as well
those air cells in total are going to comprise the ethmoidal sinus so there isn't one large
ethmoidal sinus collections of air cells so we'll see posterior ethmoidal air cells middle ethmoidal
air cells in anterior ethmoid Allaire cells and some of their communications we can also see the
communication to the frontal sinus here that's going to be within the middle nasal meatus and
the maxillary - there but we'll discuss those on the on the next slide when we discussed the
middle nasal meatus the final communication that I want to point out to you here is the opening for
the nasolacrimal duct so the nasolacrimal duct if you recall is the pathway passageway through
which tears are drained from the medial canthus or angle of the eye into the nasal cavity and
they specifically drain into this inferior nasal meatus via that nasolacrimal duct so
now let's take a look at the middle nasal meatus this is probably one of the the busiest regions
of the of the lateral wall and one of the more conspicuous features that that we can see is this
ethmoidal bulla it's large outpouching of bone the ethmoidal bulla is the creation of the middle
ethmoidal air cells and upon the bola we can see the openings to these air cells Antero inferior
and inferior to the bulla let me erase this so that I can best highlight it we have an opening
this opening anteriorly here is known as the ethmoidal infundibulum so that's a funnel-like
passage and that's where the opening of the front to nasal duct is going to be as we move
posteriorly from that we have what's known as the semilunar hiatus and that semilunar hiatus
is going to contain two sets of openings so in between the infundibulum and what comes next
will be the openings for the anterior air cells and then as we move posterior lis we'll have the
opening of the maxillary sinus so infundibulum with the opening for the front of nasal duct
then as we move posteriorly and inferiorly the opening for the anterior air cells and
then the maxillary sinus so if the anterior air cells are here and the middle air cells
are here the posterior air cells are there so we can see approximately the locations of
these air cells and how they might relate to the nasal cavity thank you very much for your time