Now, Hess's law basically follows the same pattern that we're going to see in this example.
In this example, it says for the following example calculate the unknown delta H value
from the given delta H values of the other equations.
Basically, what we have to realize is, we need to find the delta H of this reaction
here and the way we're able to do that is by manipulating these two reactions here in
order for them to come out to this equation above.
By manipulating them, we'll be able to find the delta H value we're missing.
It seems kind of complicated, but it really is easy.
All we have to do is go compound by compound and see where we find them.
If things don't match up the way we see them, we have to just manipulate the equation so
that they do.
Let's take a look here.
We're going to take a look first at sulfur solid.
We look on the two bottom equations and say where do I see sulfur solid.
We're going to see sulfur solid right here and only here.
We're going to say here it does not match what we have up here.
Up here we only have one mole of sulfur solid.
I need to find a way of converting this also into one mole of sulfur solid.
One way we can do that is by multiplying by two.
Not just a sulfur solid, but the entire equation.
When we multiply everyone by two, all those halves become one.
One mole of sulfur solid plus one mole of oxygen gas gives me one mole of SO2 gas.
Here we're going to say, if we multiply the equation times two, then we're also going
to have to multiply delta H times two.
Then that becomes negative 593.6 kilojoules.
Remember, how do we do that?
We just multiplied it by two.
Because I'm manipulating that equation, it's no longer used.
It's gone because it's changing to this new one.
Now, I have one mole of sulfur solid, just like I have up above, so we're good.
Next, we're going to look at oxygen gas, O2.
Where do I see O2?
I see O2 in two places.
I see it here in the second equation and I see it here in my brand new first equation.
When I find it in more than one place, that means I'm going to have to skip it because
it's kind of hard to gauge what we should do next.
If you find a compound in more than one place, skip it and move on to the next example.
Now we have SO3 as a product and there's only one mole of it.
Here we have SO3 down here, but the problem – there's two problems with it.
One, it's a reactant, but we need it to be a product and two, there's two moles of it.
What we're going to do first is we're going to reverse the reaction so that it's also
a product just like up above.
We're going to reverse the entire equation.
So my reactants now become products and my products become reactants.
Everything gets reversed.
Just realize this, any time I reverse a reaction, that reverses the sign for delta H. Delta
H was positive, now it becomes negative.
Now we have 2SO3 as a product, but we only need one mole of SO3 because that's what we
have up above here.
We only have one mole of SO3.
So what I need to do lastly is I'm going to divide by two because we need to get rid of
that two.
So this becomes SO2 gas plus half O2 gas gives me SO3 gas.
Of course, if we divide the equation by a number, then we also have to divide delta
H by that same number.
This is going to get divided by two, so now my new delta H is negative 99.2 kilojoules.
These two got manipulated, so they're both gone.
What I'm going to do next is I'm going to get rid of what are called intermediates.
Intermediates are compounds that look alike, but one is a reactant in one equation and
the other is a product in another equation.
Our intermediate here is SO2.
Here in this first equation, it's a product but in the second one, it's a reactant.
Because one is a reactant and one is a product, they're going to cancel each other out.
So now they're totally gone.
Now all we're going to do here is we're going to bring down everything that didn't get canceled
out.
The sulfur solid didn't get canceled out, so it comes down.
This one mole of O2 combines with this half O2.
They're both reactants, so they don't cancel out.
They add up.
So one 1 plus half gives me 1.5, which is the same thing as 3 over 2.
Then this SO3 comes down.
If you notice, the equation we just isolated is the same equation up above.
We're going to say that to find the delta H value of this equation, which we're going
to say is delta H 3, all you do is you're just going to combine delta H 1 plus delta
H 2.
Just add them up.
It would be negative – I'm going to take myself out of this image guys, so we can see
the work.
So it's going to be negative 593.6 kilojoules plus 99.2 kilojoules.
That gives us negative 692.8 kilojoules.
Now just realize, all we have to do is we have to manipulate the equations with given
delta H values to find the delta H of this reaction up here.
That's the approach we need to take.
So go compound by compound and see where you find them.
Make sure you have to manipulate them by either multiplying, dividing, or reversing.
Doing one of those three steps will help us isolate this equation.
Once we do that, just add up your delta H values together.
Hess's law can be challenging, but always take that approach to help you better organize
the information.