all right cool hi everybody welcome back
to our weekly live stream my name is
alicia and today we're going to talk
about how to explain details with
relative clauses today we're going to
talk a lot about
grammar so there's a lot to cover uh so
we're going to start in about a minute
or two so as you join please make sure
to send a message in the chat and don't
forget to like and share the video so
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uh as always to uh announcements while
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video if you're watching on facebook
these are all free these are pdf format
vocabulary
uh sheets so you can take a look at
these from the link
and choose whichever one is interesting
for you or useful for your studies now
that is announcement one and i was going
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but every month you have the opportunity
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completing some kind of challenge using
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everybody okay i see many people in the
chat now hi everybody on youtube i see
rahul rendell markinson hi moy
hello uh and on facebook i see carlos
oren hello aya nene mio and eric all
kinds of people great sounds good eric
was timed out by nightbot that's
hilarious excellent so i'm going to
share the video and then i'm going to
get started uh with today's lesson we
have a lot to cover today so i hope i
can get through everything we'll see
it'll be a challenge maybe uh but i hope
also uh one more point before i start
i hope also you share your ideas
throughout today's live stream so in red
it's small i have some uh prompts for
you so as i'm explaining things you can
use this to make your own sentence and
send it in the chat and i will try to
check it live if i can't catch yours i'm
sorry i will try to check everything
live but i may miss yours okay so let's
get it started first let's begin over
here what is a relative clause what is a
relative clause this is today's
focus grammar point a relative clause is
like a long adjective so adjectives are
words that give us more information
about nouns so for example interesting
or boring or beautiful or delicious
these are all adjectives a relative
clause
is like a group of words together
that has the same function or it acts
the same way as an adjective
so this is what we're going to focus on
today to give lots of details in our
sentences
so the second point
relative clauses give us extra
information about nouns so
let's take a look
at two examples both of these sentences
use relative clauses first one
my phone
which is an iphone 6s
has terrible battery life these days so
one more time my iphone or sorry my
phone which is an iphone 6s has terrible
battery life these days this sentence
uses a relative clause
second example
i like the movies that christopher nolan
makes i like the movies that christopher
nolan makes so these sentences both use
relative clauses they are here in this
sentence
and here
in this sentence
so there are two
kinds of relative clauses we're going to
talk about both of them today
so
first point about making this about
giving extra details with today's
grammar point
relative clauses begin with something
called a relative pronoun a relative
pronoun for today we're going to focus
on three relative pronouns they are that
which
and who
so when you make a relative clause the
basic form of a relative clause
the first word
will be a relative pronoun in this case
my phone which is an iphone 6s which is
a relative pronoun it begins my extra
information here
same thing in this sentence i like the
movies that christopher nolan makes here
my relative clause is this part
and it begins with that so this is a
relative pronoun these are relative
brownouts
so
how do we know which one to use do i use
that do i use which do i use who
for today we're going to look at these
three relative pronouns
you can use that
and who
when you're talking about people people
here so in this case
i'm talking about a phone in my first
example sentence in my second example
sentence i'm talking about movies so
these are both objects we're going to
practice people later
second
you can use that
or which
for
objects so objects that means things so
not people you might also hear sometimes
people use who to talk about their pets
as well i'm not going to talk about pets
in my example sentences today but for
your information
so
uh another common question though is
what's the difference between that and
which like in this case that and which
for objects but how do i decide should i
use that or which
this point is a little more advanced so
i will cover it briefly for today
the difference uh is in what's called
restrictive relative clauses and
non-restrictive relative clauses so
these are like really like complex or
maybe difficult to understand words but
they mean a restrictive clause
is something that gives us essential
information essential information about
the noun so this means
if i don't have
this relative clause i don't understand
the noun so for example in this example
sentence i like the movies that
christopher nolan makes if i remove the
relative clause here my sentence becomes
i like the movies and we don't know like
what does that mean i like the movies
well which movies we don't know so that
means we have to have we must have this
information
to understand this noun
if we do not have this information we
cannot understand this noun
this sentence is an example of a
restrictive relative clause so that
means we must have the information in
these types of sentence we use that as
the relative pronoun
on the other hand the other type where
we use which it's used in what's called
a non-restrictive relative clause so
non-restrictive so meaning not it's the
negative form a non-restrictive relative
clause
is a clause giving just extra
information we don't have to have the
information to understand the noun it's
like a bonus kind of so this example
sentence uses a non-restrictive relative
clause
my phone which is an iphone 6s has
terrible battery life these days so
again my test if i remove it's hard to
do with my arm if i remove the relative
clause the sentence becomes my phone has
terrible battery life these days so i
can understand the sentence it's easy
for me to understand i know exactly the
topic my phone
so
when we use a non-restrictive relative
clause we can use which to begin
also when you use a non-restrictive
relative clause use commas it's hard to
see in the live stream use commas set it
off with commas here so there's a comma
at the beginning and a comma at the end
of the clause so this is a punctuation
point as well
so
my comment i will get to your comments
now uh was to share about the work of
your favorite creator so i said i like
the movies that christopher nolan makes
i think i saw a few of you sending some
comments
um uh gertrudis maybe i love the batman
movies that christopher nolan makes or i
love the ba the batman stories that
christopher nolan tells great
uh some other examples lots of people
are just saying hello hello everybody so
yeah uh cher it's hard to see share
about the work of your favorite creator
so you can use this as a pattern if you
like i like
movies or tv shows or the music that
someone makes
uh sweetheart says i like the games that
he the hideo kojima makes perfect very
nice example very nice example i like
the games that hideo kojima makes
uh ke lao says i like the dinosaurs
which are stored in the museum good i
like the dinosaurs make sure to use the
plural form for your countable nouns and
then your uh verb needs to match yeah
leah says i like the lessons that alicia
makes thanks leah okay uh other examples
maybe a miguel says i like my games
which is an xbox 360 has a good story so
maybe i like my gaming
let's see my gaming system so make your
subject
the topic of your discussion my gaming
system which is an xbox 360 has good
storage something like that would be
perfect
uh on facebook jason says i like the
books that edgar rice borrows right so i
don't know that author very nice though
i like the books that he writes okay
other ones uh i like my friend who
always helps me with my problems great
great so that sounds like you have other
friends who don't help you with problems
so good good nice examples uh christina
on facebook says my job which is
teaching english is a rewarding
occupation agree agree absolutely very
nice examples okay fantastic fantastic
with that let's take one quick break and
then we're going to practice combining
information uh in a different sentence
pattern
so great examples keep them coming we'll
take one quick break and then continue
to point number two for today so uh
i'm going to share a couple i shared a
couple already today
i showed this over here i'll show it
over here
today is a grammar point we're covering
a grammar point so
that means you can use it in many
different situations so i haven't shown
i don't think all of these in a while if
you have not checked out the pdfs there
are many different topics you can
download for free i show the business
one a lot uh there are lots of different
situations and on the back
of each of these is a list of good
vocabulary words and expressions and
sometimes questions to know for these
cases for these life like everyday life
situations so please have a look please
take a look please check the link below
the video on youtube or above the video
on facebook
to get these this is a really good one
for this topic
when you want to describe a specific
thing that you want to buy like a
specific color or a specific size or
something the shopping one this is a
great example of a situation where you
use this grammar point quite a lot so
check these out from the link below the
video on youtube or above the video on
facebook if you're watching on instagram
please get this stuff from the link on
youtube or facebook and also i cannot
see your comments in real time sorry
okay so with that let's continue to
point to for today uh also if you have
not already please make sure to like and
share today's video so other learners
can find the lesson okay let's continue
to part two part two for today
in this part we're going to practice
giving details in one sentence so we're
going to
practice putting two ideas
together so sometimes i hear learners
say
something like i bought a tv
the tv is really cool the tv was really
cheap they break things into three
sentences two or three sentences
so this point what we're going to
practice now is how to put those ideas
together we're going to use
non-restrictive relative clauses to do
this so i'll explain with two examples
i'll give you kind of a strategy to
practice this on your own too
and as i'm talking you can think about a
comment for yourself so for this portion
your homework i guess if you're watching
live or after is to use this pattern
to make a sentence about a person in
your life so think about this
i'll share then so what is this to
practice doing this to practice giving
details in one sentence
choose your topic one and think of two
or more two plus details two plus
details so think of these two things for
example my topic will be my brother
and my details so my details are about
my brother my details uh engineer his
job this is information about him and
his personality smart
funny so here are my details i want to
put this information
together
so yes i could make it's possible to
make maybe two sentences with this
my brother is an engineer great that's
one sentence easy to understand
also my brother is smart and funny okay
two sentences and i'm giving personality
information in sentence number two so
put them together
with a relative clause like this
my brother
who is an engineer
is smart and funny so in one sentence
i've put all of the information together
so how did i do this my brother is an
engineer so i've used
the who relative pronoun here
because my subject is a person
so i have this is an engineer this is
exactly the same but i need to mark it
with who i need to start this portion
with who it's describing my brother
then i finish with is smart and funny
so another way to think about this is as
we practiced before remove the relative
clause is the sentence correct my
brother there we go my brother is smart
and funny my brother is smart and funny
that's a grammatically correct sentence
so i know that this part is okay then i
can add
my relative clause giving extra
information so this makes my sentence
much more natural it flows the
information flows much more naturally so
here is how we can put simply
information together with this
non-restrictive clause so again it
starts
with a relative pronoun and i've set it
off with commas here so this shows us
it's extra information so this is a good
way uh maybe to practice making these
basic style sentences some examples
manny's oh that's a very nice example
manny alicia who teaches english is
smart and beautiful that's very nice
that's very nice uh iris says my english
teacher who is from the ukraine has a
very strong accent very nice sentence
okay
uh
some other ones
i don't see any on facebook yet i don't
see any on facebook yet i'll come back
to you facebook so please use this
pattern some of you have got it already
please use this pattern to make a
sentence about a person in your life
okay i'll go to another topic again i'm
going to focus on people for this
practice this one i'm going to focus on
co-workers so my co-workers keep in mind
this is plural co-workers more than one
person
so my details about my co-workers my
details are they come
from all around the world
and
kind they are kind
so if i want to make a sentence if i
want to make two sentences i could say
my co-workers come from all around the
world and my co-workers are kind there's
two ideas so i put them together in a
sentence like this my co-workers
who come from all around the world
are kind so i put everything together in
one sentence using a relative clause all
the details come together
some points
one my co-workers as i said my
co-workers is plural more than one
person
so my verb needs to match my co-workers
are kind again if i remove the relative
clause hard to do my co-workers are kind
this part needs to be grammatically
correct
alone and then this part again begins
with my relative pronoun who
because my subject
refers to people my co-workers who come
from all around the world are kind so
this is how we can make uh one single
sentence from two or more sentences so
with this pattern you can actually make
very long sentences if you want to some
examples are coming in kanjan says my
husband who is a businessman is smart
and cool excellent nice example sentence
very positive okay
uh dosma says my friend who likes
marvelous scenery is my role model ooh
that sounds cool okay
um
maha says one of my friends who is a
scientist is smart and cunning okay
great very nice example on facebook eda
ida i uh said my daughter who is a
doctor is very smart and kind nice nice
example
jason says my co-worker who i work with
is very uptight and mean
good example my parents who are just
farmers are the most respectful and
admired very nice very nice
oh some other examples renato on youtube
says emirates which is a good airline is
the best job i've ever had as a pilot ah
okay so is maybe is the best company
i've ever worked with so make sure your
subject
so emirates is the company in this if
you want to talk about your company
great you can totally use this pattern
so you can say my company which is the
best place i've ever worked
is great or is the best uh company name
extra information is the best company
i've worked with something like that
so make sure your subject over here
matches your extra information over here
okay very nice nice examples uh more
from christina on facebook my colleagues
who are very supportive are bright and
friendly excellent excellent great work
uh abl cardan says my granddaughter who
is only four is naughty
that's nice that's a nice example i like
your example sentences these are very
nice uh nene says my husband who is an
engineer is smart and kind great maybe a
point for lots of people watching don't
forget your article if you're talking
about someone's job title like i saw a
scientist teacher engineer don't forget
your article so my brother or my husband
or my wife is an
engineer or is a scientist don't forget
those little articles we like our
articles
uh
let's see
sing her
uh someone on youtube says my boss who
is dutch is generous and humble very
nice example everybody uh
alex says my supervisor who is a good
researcher often has poor judgment oh
good researcher but poor judgment very
interesting examples okay fantastic
fantastic nice job everybody
let's take one more very short break
very short i promise and then we'll go
to our last point for today how to make
these clauses or rather in which cases
we can make these clauses even shorter
so how to make your sentences super
super efficient all right i'll show you
a couple more
of the free things i have not shown you
in a while we'll go over here
this i'll show these are different from
the ones i showed to you before
these are all free this one's about pets
so you might use this grammar point if
you want to talk about your pets this is
a great one right here the food ones i
think are good this is about cooking
and on the back of it
is uh vocabulary and expressions to use
for recipes for cooking
for stuff in the kitchen so you can
check this out you definitely use this
grammar point
in the kitchen another topic is for
sports for exercise and again there's
some key phrases for going to the gym uh
and for exercise and for even parts of
the body here too so there are many
different topics this one's a slightly
different one that you can also find
there there are many different topics
that you can check out and practice
today's grammar point with so have a
look at this you can find this from the
link below the video on youtube or above
the video if you're watching on facebook
instagram please check youtube or
facebook cannot see your comments very
sorry okay let's go to our final point
for today our final point for today is
how to make what's called a reduced
relative clause a reduced relative
clause this means a short relative
clause how to make your relative clause
shorter your extra information shorter
so
i'll go on to this also uh if you have
not already please do make sure to like
and share today's video so others can
find today's lesson all right let's go
on to making short clauses short clauses
there are several different ways to
explain this so i'm going to focus on
these two
first case
number one
if your sentence
uses a relative pronoun so who which or
that
and after that so just after the
relative pronoun there's some form of
the verb
to be so is was
are and so on
in that case you can remove both parts
that means you can remove the relative
pronoun and your to be verb so let's
look at some examples
first
the guy who is talking
is my teacher the guy who is talking is
my teacher this is a very common example
of when you'll see this this number this
point number one is very common with
ing verbs when we see a verb in this ing
the progressive form this is a very
common situation where you can remove
these parts so here the guy
talking is my teacher this makes your
sentence more efficient both are correct
this is totally correct the guy who is
talking is my teacher is 100 perfectly
correct you can use it but if you want
to make your sentence a little more
efficient a little shorter you can
remove it the guy talking is my teacher
another example
the professor
who was seen stealing
was fired the professor who was seen
stealing was fired so here who is my
relative pronoun
was is to be just past tense so we can
say
the professor seen stealing was fired
the professor seen stealing was fired so
again this is up to you you can choose
whether to remove or not
so these are a couple of cases
where you can remove them i have more
examples but not very much space so
we'll continue so you can try to send a
few examples that remove these this one
as i said is maybe the easiest one to
practice so this ing verb
sentences that use verbs in the ing form
i will check the chat to see some more
the other case i want to talk about is
this one
if a personal pronoun so that means like
he
she you i and so on or someone's name
is after the relative pronoun you can
remove
the relative pronoun for example
the person who i talked to
was the manager the person who i talked
to
was the manager so in this case
here's my relative pronoun
and after it
is this personal pronoun in this case i
that means in this case i can remove
my relative pronoun
the person i talked to was the manager
this sentence is also correct totally
correct so please keep in mind in this
case
we remove only the relative pronoun yeah
in this case we remove the relative
pronoun and the to be verb
so there are some there are some
differences in these cases so
uh these are a couple ways to make
reduced shortened relative clauses there
are some examples coming in fantastic on
youtube uh
eli says the guy singing is my roomie
good
uh
galen galen says the man sitting maybe
next to me instead of aside me next to
me is my friend good uh wilson says the
woman woman w-o-m-a-n
singular the woman who is talking is my
teacher to reduce that the woman talking
is my teacher edgard says the dog
barking is my pet yeah masaya hey masaya
on facebook says the woman speaking is
my teacher yes speaking or talking is
good um
sen is when do we use relative clauses
if you missed the lesson please go back
to the beginning of the video this
lesson has been recorded so that you
know when to use relative clauses so
please watch this after we've finished
today's lesson
uh
okay
other examples looking for other
examples
other examples i don't see anymore uh
the person who is teaching english is my
teacher good very nice very nice okay
uh
the woman drawing is my mom great you
guys have got it sounds good sounds
fantastic so these are examples of
situations where we use relative clauses
and shortened relative clauses very nice
job everybody thanks very much for all
of your examples sounds good i have to
finish there for today though that was a
lot phew we got through it all amazing
so i'm going to finish up today's lesson
of course if you have questions or
comments you can send them in the chat
or send a comment after the lesson too i
will check it out and try to answer it
somehow someday some way
so thank you for all of your examples we
are going to be back next week next
week's date will be october
30th i think wednesday october 30th i
believe uh
10 pm eastern standard time the topic
will be english learning strategies
english learning strategies so i have
chosen
five kind of maybe tips
that i hope can help lots of people give
you some ideas for your studies things
you can try to do or maybe some changes
you can think about for your study
routine so i'm going to talk about i
think i've prepared five different
things five english learning strategies
yeah that's it october 31st really
wow is that thursday or depending on the
time zone so next week wednesday 10 pm
eastern standard time if you're watching
from asia it will be thursday morning so
please keep that in mind but 10 p.m
eastern standard time you can set a
notification on youtube or on facebook
if you are worried you'll forget so
please join us again next week i'm going
to cover
some english learning strategies and in
general some language learning
strategies that i hope will be helpful
for you so thank you very much for
joining this week's lesson as always
thank you so much for sending your great
example sentences and your great
questions today too and also thank you
so much for liking the video and sharing
the video we all really really
appreciate you joining our lessons every
week so enjoy the rest of your week have
a nice weekend and we'll see you again
next week bye