Hello everyone, welcome to the class, may name is Michelle and I’m your tutor for
the day. And today we are learning; let me write it for you, spelling rules. Oops did
you see I made a mistake. I'm such a terrible teacher, isn't it? That’s what you are thinking.
No but I'm not even so terrible, that’s why I'm here to teach you, so please come
and join me.
Let's start with the first few words; we are learning where we should double the consonant
in the spelling rules for this lesson. So how many syllables do you think this word
has? Are you confused about what are syllables, don't be. They are the vowel sounds in a word,
which means just take it as a sound in a word or the number of vowels in a word. So how
many vowels does this word have? One, one and one, so they are all one syllable words.
What about these? One, two, one, two, one, two, one and two. So these are all two syllable
words like this we can have more than two as well. But for now let's look at the one
syllable words. So these words, all of them have one syllable each. Okay and how many
vowels do they have? They have one vowel each and they all end in one consonant, not two
consonants. One consonant, so whenever a word has one syllable, one vowel and ends in one
consonant, you double the last consonant, exactly the right point. So for this word
it's going to be biggest and for this one, we could say, running. So we have doubled
the last consonant and here stopped. Here also we have doubled the last consonant. Do
you know what are the forms of these words? This is the superlative form, this is the
present continuous form and this is the simple past. Very simple, isn't it? With that let's
look at the next rule.
So this rule is called one, one, one for one syllable words. But these words have two syllables.
What happens here? Do we double the consonants? Yes, no, but something new comes in here and
that's called as word stress, which means that which syllable in the word is stressed.
Sine all these words have two syllables, only one syllable is stressed in each word. Let's
find out which one. So for this one, how do you say, enter, no you say enter. So the stressed
syllable is the first one. How about this one? Listen, do you want to try this one.
Try, pause the video, I’ll be right back. Welcome back, let's see for this word. How
many, simple and the first syllable is the stressed syllable and same is for the last
one. You got it absolutely right. So what happens here? Do we double the consonant?
No, whenever a word has first syllable stressed, a two syllable word which has the first syllable
as stressed and it ends in a vowel and consonant pair like this, we do not double the last
letter. For example, entering because the stress is on the first syllable. The same
way, listening or listened, simplest, quieter. You’ve seen what are the forms of these
words above. But what is the form of this word, quieter? This is a comparative form.
If you are comparing two things, you can use this word for example, John is quieter than
Marc means he is more quiet than Marc. To compare. Alright with that we come to the
next bunch of words that we have with us on the board.
So here how many syllables do we have? Quickly count, begin two syllables, so all these words
are also two syllable words. But we have to find out which syllable are they stressed
on, begin or begin. It's not begin, it's begin. So here the last word is stressed forbid,
so is here the last syllable, sorry regret. Occur you don't say occur, you say occur.
Refer not refer that's a common mistake that you hear very often. So it's not refer it's
refer. The last syllable or the second syllable is stressed.
The same way as refer, we say prefer and the last syllable is stressed. Now what happens
here? Whenever the last, the second syllable is stressed in a two syllable word, unlike
this where the first syllable is stressed, here the second syllable is stressed and we
also end in vowel and consonant pair like all of these, there you always double the
last consonant. So you can call this as a two, one, one rule which means the second
syllable is stressed and we have one vowel and one consonant in the end. So let’s write
the spelling for the first one. Beginner, are you a beginner level speaker? Then this
lesson is surely going to help you very, very much. This is the way to learn spellings.
Let's look at the next one. Forbidden. Why don't you try the other four and I'll be right
back. Well welcome back to the class, now we are going to look at the spellings for
the last four. Let’s see regret. It'll be regretting and for this occurred which is
the simple past form. Referring, present continuous and referred, simple past. So we have doubled
the last consonant in all of these where the second syllable is stressed in a two syllable
word. Don't be too confused. If you are too confused watch the video twice, that's really
going to help you.
Now I have something very important to tell you. For this rule, you do not double the
consonant for the words that end in w, x or y. for example, the word vow. You'd say vowed.
Even though it has one vowel and one consonant and one syllable but you'll not double the
last consonant. Let's take an example for this. Xeroxed, did we double the last consonant?
No we didn't. Here praying, although we have a vowel and a consonant and a one syllable
word, still we did not double the last syllable. So these are some exceptions that you need
to take care of.
Now some exceptions for the last one. Let's look at this word. Reference, why don't we
double the r for this r and why do we double this r? Because in this word, the stress is
on the second syllable. However, you don't say reference, you say reference and you say
referring. So here the syllable is on the second syllable and here the stress is on
the first syllable. So whenever the stress is on the first syllable, you don't have to
double the last consonant. Let's look at this one. Preference, is it preference, do we stress
on the second syllable fer. No we stress on the first syllable, preference and that's
why we do not double the last consonant.
I hope this lesson was quite helpful for you and now you've understood where to double
the consonant and where not. Come back for more lessons, spelling rules. We are surely
going to overcome your mistakes. I had a great time teaching you, please come back for another
lesson, till then you take care, bye.