Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here and, uh, today I want to talk about how to study
effectively, not just how to learn languages, but how to study effectively.
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Uh, I, I'd like to do actually a series of four videos.
Uh, I'd like to talk about how to study effectively based on my experience
in learning languages, what I've read about learning languages, what I've
read about how the brain works, what I remember from when I was at school, uh,
some of the things that I think language instruction does that is not successful
in schools and why the same unsuccessful method is used to teach other subjects,
causing a lot of frustration for people.
So, first of all, today, I'm simply going to talk about how
to study effectively in general.
And then in the second in the series, I hope to do a series of
four actually, in the second series I'll talk about why I think language
instruction in schools is not effective.
Then in the third in the series, I want to talk about, you know, learning in a month
or, you know, uh, how to learn quickly and all of the different hints and tips
and hacks that are offered on the internet for how to learn languages quickly.
My views on these, and again, tying it all back to studying effectively in general.
And then in the final one, I'm going to talk about learning
a language from scratch.
So again, applying the sort of principles of effective study to, uh, you know,
learning a language from scratch.
So, um, I'm not going to talk about specifically language
learning or about LingQ.
People complain that I mention LingQ, although I love LingQ and
that's where I learn languages.
And what we do at LingQ in a sense as a reflection of my view of how we learn.
Uh, but I'm going to talk about learning.
And study...
effective study in general.
All right.
First of all, the first thing I think we need to do to study effectively
is to improve our reading skills.
If we aren't good readers, we need to become good readers to read faster,
to get better at acquiring information through reading, because reading
is very effective, very efficient.
It enables us to access so much information, whether in, you know, a paper
type of book, a traditional book or an ebook where we can, you know, look things
up if we're on a niPad or on a computer.
Being careful to be, you know, to avoid the distractions granted.
So reading is super powerful.
Uh, also get used to listening.
Uh, again, listening is something that we can do wherever we are.
We can enjoy the voice of the person explaining.
I find reading and listening more effective than video because
with video, we are captive.
Video can be part of a study plan.
It can be fun to watch video.
It's sometimes possible to explain things via video in a
way that we can't in a book.
So I think you need a combination of all three.
So when we talk about combining reading, listening, and video,
We're talking about combining.
And I think combining it's a big part of learning.
Um, I found that in learning languages, but not only in learning languages, in
learning other subjects, I have to sort of get at the, whatever I was trying
to learn using different approaches, different books, different resources.
Don't just try to memorize the textbook.
You, you have to try and force yourself to go out and find other
resources that cover the same material.
Uh, and that's why we combine video with listening with audio, with, uh,
with reading, because the brain, the way the brain works is the brain is not
very good at sort of aceing something now, learning some specific bits of
knowledge or facts, or even, uh, you know, some, a mathematical equation.
These are things that we kind of learn them and there's,
it's difficult for the brain.
You know, again, I'm not a neuroscientist, but.
They go into the hippocampus and they don't stay there very long, but the
strength of the brain is its ability to sort of start to identify patterns.
And that's why we have to be patient and keep feeding the brain, you know,
the same kind, you know, I've referred to it as grazing and interleaving, some
of the same material interspersed with going off and doing something else and
then coming back and reading about this or in some other format so that this
combination learning, grazing learning is according to research, much more effective
than trying to nail something down.
And, uh, that's why it's, it's so counterproductive in the school
system where they teach you something,
and now, because they've taught it to you, therefore they think you should be
able to reproduce it or be tested on it.
And of course you can't.
So you only get six out of 10, which is frustrating.
As a learner, we have to remember that however difficult something
may seem, uh, whether it be a language or a concept in mathematics
or in science or anything else,
in time, the brain will develop a pattern that enables us to grasp the
concept better and better slowly.
The emphasis is on slowly it and the Manfred Spitzer, whom I always
quote, he says, you know, the brain can't do otherwise than learn.
The brain will gradually learn, create patterns to deal with.
All the stimulus and, and information that's coming at it.
It'll drop some of the details, but it'll start forming a pattern.
And when you have this pattern in your brain, it becomes easier then to remember
some of the details, because you have a context, the brain has created this,
this, uh, network of, of, uh, patterns that makes it then easier to learn.
So it's very important not to be frustrated if we read this explanation
five times and it still doesn't make sense, or we keep forgetting things.
And of course we get six out of 10 or three out of 10 on
the test and we shouldn't allow ourselves to be discouraged.
Of course the education system is set up that way.
It's set up that way because for whatever reason, the people in charge
of education feel that they have to test you at every step of the way to
make sure you're learning something.
In reality, what was taught yesterday may not click in for another six months.
So it's kind of meaningless to test us immediately on, on what's in our
short term memory, for example, rather we should, you know, as teachers
encourage learners to cover the same ground using different materials
and we as learners should resist
this sort of sense of frustration that we can't understand, that we can't remember
it, we can't do it, it doesn't make sense.
We have to continue.
And that's again, always, I go back to this idea of combining
things, watch a video by all means, but then also if you can find...
and in the case of science and math you have Khan Academy, which is tremendous,
but you should have still at the same time, work on your reading, work on
reading explanations of the same thing.
Again, without that sense of, you know, frustration or fear as you're
not, still not able to remember or grasp at all, just keep going.
It's slowly going to sock into place.
Just the way languages slowly sock into place.
And, you know, work on all the different aspects of your brain, including
the emotional side of your brain.
So if you can listen to something that's pleasant, where you enjoy the voice,
if you don't like listening to your professor, but if you can find some other
audio, which is more interesting or where you enjoy the voice, listen to that, but
you still have to go back and read or listen to what the professor had to say.
Cause you gotta, you gotta, you know, write the exam.
And most professors like to have things come back to them the way
they, they, uh, you know, taught it.
But, so, so as, as, as a general principle in, in learning, I think all
of the things that I say about language learning, when I think back, you know,
when I did well in a subject it's because I got interested in the subject, I read
up on it using different resources.
Um, and, and so, and the other thing too is as with language learning, of course,
it's good to talk and exchange views about a subject that you're learning and
to talk to the other people in the class and to talk to the teacher and so forth.
But you have to have something in you before you can talk about the
subject just as with language, you can't begin by speaking.
You have to begin by allowing your brain to get used to it.
And that's where the reading and the listening primarily, and to some extent
video is kind of the prerequisite.
And once you've got some of those patterns in your brain, then yeah, the more you
can talk about it and do experiments and do things and activate some of these
things that you have brought into your brain, the better you're going to do it.
So that's sort of a general discussion on how to study effectively.
Uh, the big message is to my mind is don't allow yourself to get
frustrated, get hung up at your mistakes or perhaps your, your results
on a test or things that you forget.
Try to find a way to get interested in, in the subject.
Uh, and that may mean that your textbook is boring.
Find some other materials.
And graze around and cover the same ground in different ways.
And I think that's an effective way to study.