Welcome to Space News from The Electric
Universe, brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project at Thunderbolts.info.
The following presentation is an adaptation of the Steve Smith Picture of the Day article: “Straighten Up”
The link to the article may be found in the description box in this video.
Conventional cosmological theories state that a black hole forms when a
star with a mass about five times that of the Sun, reaches the stage in its
evolution where its thermonuclear fuel is used up. Since stars are thought to be
internally powered fusion reactors, it is the outward push of radiation from
inside a star that prevents its collapse under the force of its own gravity. As
the Standard Model of stellar evolution speculates, a star accumulates heavier
atomic nuclei in its core, making it impossible to keep its outer surface
away with radiative pressure. Gravity overcomes fusion; so, the star’s gaseous
envelope suddenly collapses, rebounding off the core in what astronomers call a
”supernova explosion.” Since its gravity is no longer hindered by the
radiating core, the star is said to shrink under that force, disappearing from
normal space, compressing into a mass with no geometry. A ghost of the star’s
presence remains as an irresistible gravitational source. That concept drives
all ideas about galactic scale behavior since it is assumed that 98% of all
galaxies are inhabited by so-called supermassive black holes.
Among electric universe advocates, black holes are a questionable quantity:
despite claims to the contrary, no black hole has ever been observed. What is
observed are effects that can be attributed to something other than
ultra-dense matter and that is electricity. According to a recent press release,
”supermassive black holes in a region of the distant universe are all
spinning out radio jets in the same direction.” As Professor Remiel Day from
the University of the Western Cape wrote, ”This is not obviously expected based on
our current understanding of cosmology. It's a bizarre finding.”
Most astrophysicists try to explain narrowly confined jets by invoking words
like nozzle or high-pressure, contrary to the behavior of gases in a vacuum.
Some acknowledge that magnetic fields might focus gases into narrow beams,
although there is a commonly held opinion that magnetic fields are not
important. However magnetic fields are only one
part of the story. Failing to realize that electric currents create
electromagnetic fields, has led many physicists to model plasma in space
without considering electricity. In an electric universe, gravity gives way to
the effects of plasma. The stars are not hot dense balls of hydrogen; rather they
are plasma with fusion taking place on their surfaces and not in their cores.
The Electric Universe definition of plasma is not the conventional one of
“ionized gas.” Plasma is a state of matter: properties such as filamentation,
long-range attraction and short-range repulsion, braiding, formation and decay of
plasmoids, and other phenomena contribute to the plasma condition. Everything in
the universe is ionized to some degree, therefore it is plasma. Positive ions and
negative electrons move through plasma in ways not governed by gravity, although
gravity might cause some heavy positive ions to create a charge surplus in one
volume of space over another. When that happens, a weak electric field develops.
An electric field initiates electric currents that generate electromagnetic
fields; those fields interact with other fields generated by other currents. In
images from space, as well as in high-speed photographs of plasma
activity in the laboratory, those currents form twisted pairs of filaments
called Birkeland currents. Birkeland currents follow magnetic fields and draw
charged material from their surroundings. Electromagnetism “pinches” the dust
and plasma into heated blobs of matter, called plasmoids. As the electric field
intensifies, it increases the pinch effect,
forming spinning electrical discharges. At first they glow dimly red, then blaze
yellow and finally they might become brilliant ultraviolet arcs, called stars.
Driven by the electric currents that created them,
cosmic filaments have structure: each is composed of smaller filaments that scale
to an unknown extent. It has been demonstrated that plasma phenomena can
scale to 14 orders of magnitude. Nobel laureate Hannes Alfven hypothesized that
the scale can go to 28 orders of magnitude or more. Stars are nodes in
electric circuits; electromagnetic energy could be stored in the equatorial
current sheet surrounding them until some trigger event causes them to switch
into a polar discharge. The electric jet could receive its energy from a natural
particle accelerator: a “Plasma Double-layer” with a strong electric
field. Toroidal magnetic fields form because of the polar plasma discharge,
confining it into a narrow channel. Only electric fields can accelerate charged
particles across interstellar space. Since Birkeland currents are filamentary,
and since stars and galaxies occur in strings, the alignment of galactic jets
observed by radio astronomers is not due to a “coherent spin” in the
structure of this volume of space. It is due to the collimated nature of those
electric currents. For continuous updates on Space News from the Electric Universe,
stay tuned to Thunderbolts.info [Music]
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