Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe, brought to you by the
Thunderbolts Project™ at Thunderbolts. info. For nearly a century, scientists on
Earth have imagined, speculated about, and searched in earnest for a mysterious,
invisible and heretofore undetected, entity called Dark Matter. The concept of
Dark Matter was officially invented nearly a century ago, by the renowned
Swiss physicist Fritz Zwicky, though similar earlier speculations traced back
decades earlier. However, in mainstream astronomical
literature, the term “invented” is rarely used in discussions of Dark Matter’s
theoretical origins, even though the term is entirely accurate. A historical
synopsis of the events is offered in the recent Robert Macfarlane book: Underland,
which states that Zwicky observed that galaxies ”... were revolving much
faster than expected, especially towards the outer reaches of
the cluster. At such speeds, individual galaxies should have broken their
gravitational hold on one another, dispersing the cluster. There was Zwicky
determined, only one possible explanation. There had to be another source of
gravity, powerful enough to hold the cluster together given the speeds of
revolution of the observable bodies. But what could supply such huge gravitational
field strength, sufficient to tether whole galaxies - and why could he not see
this ‘missing mass’?” Zwicky found no answers to his questions, but in asking
them he began a hunt that continues today.
His ‘missing mass’ is now known as ’Dark Matter’ - and proving its existence
and determining its properties, is one of the Grail quests of modern physics. Of
course the so called Grail quest continues, funded by countless millions
of taxpayer dollars. As we've reported ad nauseam on this series, the endless
mission to prove Dark Matter’s existence, has yielded consistently fruitless
results and astronomers still have no idea what the elusive hypothetical
material is actually composed of. For many years, astronomers
have closely observed objects which are believed to be the most likely to host
two of the leading Dark Matter candidates: Weakly Interacting Massive
Particles, or WIMPs, or Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects, or
MACHOs. They have simply not found the evidence they are looking for and now,
scientists from the universities of Bonn and Strasbourg have published a paper
which reported the successful formation of galaxies without the hypothetical
influence of Dark Matter as reported by phys.org for the first time researchers
from the universities of Bonn and Strasbourg have simulated the formation
of galaxies in a universe without Dark Matter. To replicate this process on the
computer ,they have instead modified Newton's laws of gravity. The galaxies
that were created in the computer calculations are similar to those we
actually see today. According to the scientists, their assumptions could solve
many mysteries of modern cosmology. The modified Newtonian dynamics model was
created by the Israeli physicist Dr. Mordehai Milgrom. Based on this model
which states that the gravitational attraction between two masses is much
stronger under low accelerations. Some astronomers now believe this is why
anomalously high rotational speed of galaxies does not cause them to fly
apart. Dr. Pavel Kroupa states of the research, “Perhaps the gravitational
forces themselves simply behave differently than previously thought.” Of
course the Electric Universe Theory has always proposed that neither the
existence of Dark Matter, nor central Black Holes are necessary to explain the
observed forms and dynamics of galaxies. And the EU would agree that
gravitational forces behave differently than astronomers have thought. However,
the claim that this is “the first time” that scientists have successively
simulated galaxy formation and motions without Dark Matter, is not correct. As
we've documented countless times, dating back many decades, plasma scientists have
reproduced the unique forms and motions of spiral galaxies in the laboratory.
More than half a century ago, the late to MIT physicist
Winston Bostick performed groundbreaking experimental research on a high-density
energy storage phenomenon, called a plasmoid. Bostick simulated many
Astrophysical phenomena through plasma physics experiments, including galaxy
formation and spectacular cosmic jets. More recently, Dr. Anthony Peratt of Los
Alamos Laboratories demonstrated experimentally that galactic structures
can evolve under the influence of electric currents. Through what is known
as the pinch effect, parallel currents converge to produce structures identical
in form to spiral galaxies. On the question of the relevance of Modified
Newtonian Dynamics in explaining anomalous galaxy rotation speeds,
physicist Wal Thornhill has stated “...the motion of galaxies is not gravity
dominated. MOND may not be necessary for galaxies.” A critical clue to the
electrical nature of galaxies is the evidence that galaxies, like stars, form
along vast cosmic filaments which are the tell-tale signs of the large-scale
Birkeland currents which connect celestial objects across unimaginable
distances. And on the anomalous stellar velocity profiles of galaxies, as we
recently reported, the Electric Universe has again been far ahead of the curve
over standard cosmology. In 2018, retired professor Dr. Donald Scott published his
scientific model of galactic-scale Birkeland currents as the cause of these
anomalous stellar rotation profiles, with no need for either Dark Matter nor
Modified Newtonian Dynamics. As seen in this graph, the predicted stellar
velocities based on Dr. Scott's model and the actual stellar velocities
measured over nearly a century compare remarkably well. Here's an excerpt of Dr.
Scott's presentation in the 2018 Space News: Dark Matter – No, Birkeland Currents -
Yes. The velocity in these stars, really in the real world and they've been
measured like this for 85 years now, they vary as the square root of R. The last
picture is a comparison of the predicted and actual stellar velocity. So,
if you take my model of the Birkeland Current and assume that it's feeding the
rotation in the Birkeland Current is responsible for the rotation of the
galaxy, that is the comparison between the actual velocity which is that sort
of wiggly sort of a very lazy s-curve, and the square root of R is the smoother
curve there, and that's exactly what my Birkeland Current model predicts, should
happen. So there's no surprises and these guys have been chasing their tails down
a box canyon for 85 years now, looking and crying out that they know that Dark
Matter exists but they can't find it. That's because there's no reason for it.
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