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So the title of this video is "What would happen if the
temperature somewhere reached 142 Nonillion
degrees. Which for reference has this many zeros. (30)"
The answer is weird, but to prepare you for it,
we need to start with some weird things that start at much lower temperatures.
We can begin our journey at
-273.15 degrees Celsius
also known as absolute 0 or the
coldest possible temperature in the universe.
In 2003, scientists at MIT came very close
to achieving this temperature when they got just within a billionth of a degree
above the limit. That means that the coldest
temperature ever observed anywhere in the universe
was actually just right here on Earth in this laboratory.
And just barely above that at
-273 degrees is the lowest temperature ever survived
by a living thing. The cute but almost indestructible
tardigrade or water bear. Once we get a little warmer
to -216 degrees we arrive at the coldest
planet in the solar system, Uranus. Warmer still
at -184 degrees is the average surface temperature
on the dark side of the moon, and just one degree
higher is when oxygen starts to boil. Earth is
comparatively much warmer than most other planets
because the coldest temperature ever measured here naturally was
-89 degrees taken at the Vostok Station in Antarctica.
The lowest temperature
ever recorded in the US was -62 degrees in Alaska.
Which is even colder than the average surface temperature of Mars is
At negative 55 degrees
Finally at 0 degrees we reach the melting point of ice,
And just slightly higher at 13.7 degrees is the lowest body temperature
a living human has ever had.
The average human body temperature is 37 degrees,
and 46.5 degrees is highest recorded
body temperature that a person has survived.
57 degrees is the highest temperature
recorded in the US taken in Death Valley,
while 71 degrees is the highest surface temperature ever measured anywhere
On our planet, taken inside of Iran.
But there are places out there in the universe that are far hotter
than anywhere on Earth
Despite how cold the moon is on the dark side
The average temperature where the sun does shine
is a sweltering 101 degrees
despite these 2 opposite climates
the tardigrade i mentioned earlier can survive either of them
The highest temperature that one has survived was
an amazing 151 degrees
But the universe still gets way hotter
462 degrees is the average surface temperature
of the planet venus
the hottest planet in our solar system
raising the heat even more up to 1027 degrees
and we get to the maximum temperature of a flame burning from wood
lava freshly erupted from a volcano can hit 1200 degrees
but candles can burn even hotter
up to 1400 degrees
eventually we hit the boiling points of silver
iron and carbon
and at 5000 degrees we reach the temperature
inside the initial blast of a conventional chemical bomb
the temperature you would encounter at the surface of the sun
may seem very high at 5500 degrees
but the temperature inside of the Earth's core
is even hotter at 6000 degrees
but hotter than either of those is the temperature inside
the fireball of a nuclear explosion
which can be up to 10000 degrees or even more
But outside of the sun's surface the sun's upper atmosphere can reach an unbelievable
1 million degrees
Down at the sun's core the temperature can reach an even more insane
15 million degrees
but that's nothing compared to the heat generated from the blast of a supernova
When a star enters a supernova state
it heats the gas around it to a mind-boggling
55 million degrees
When smaller stars collapse into neutron starts though
the newly formed neutron core has a temperature approaching
100 billion degrees which is 6666
times the temperature found inside the sun's core
But the hottest temperature ever recorded anywhere in the universe
was right back here on Earth
created by scientists at CERN in Switzerland.
Using the large Hadron Collider, they created
extremely fast collisions of lead ions that briefly generated
a temperature of 5.5 trillion degrees
which sounds like a lot but it was limited
to a very tiny areas around where the ions collided
but the hottest temperature that might be possible in the universe
is completely unbelievable.
142 Nonillion degrees
is the temperature at which our conventional understanding
of physics begins to break down. In theory
the is no limit as to how much energy we could put into
heating something up, but there so far is no
scientific theory for how matter might
behave at this high of an energy level
We simply don't know what would happen if we managed to
heat something up this hot. But we can speculate a little.
This temperature is known as the Planck Temperature
because the radiation emitted from an object this hot
would have a wavelength equal to the Planck Length
A distance so unbelievably small that we don't know
how or if we can measure distances that are smaller
because you would be condensing so much
energy into such a small point, going beyond
the Planck Temperature could be enough to turn the area
or thing you were heating into a black hole
Creating a black hole with energy instead of mass like this is called
a Kugelblitz and it could pretty quickly become a bigger problem
than what ever damage the heat would have caused to you
Our math so far can't describe exactly what would
happen if we went beyond the Planck Temperature
it may create a black hole that would instantly radiate away or it could destroy the Earth.
Or it may do something else completely unexpected by anyone
The mathematical models that we've developed so far
are incapable of explaining it, but if you'd like to take your shot at it
and go down in history as a scientist celebrity
you'll need an understanding of things like Calculus
Quantum Mechanics and general relativity the numbers
and concepts that go into learning these things are hard and confusing
for a lot of people including myself, but taking the courses
over at Brilliant has helped me enough to feel confident
in making videos like this one. Rather then
telling you how to do Calculus by making you memorize things
they start by teaching you the intuitive ideas beyond
Calculus by playing through their puzzles you'll come
to understand how Calculus actually works
and Brilliant has tons of relevant courses to help you
learn more about how our universe really works
like Gravitational Physics, Quantum Objects, and Einstein's special
theory of relativity. All of which similarly guide you along as you
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*chill music*