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It’s advice as old as time: if you get a sunburn, start lathering on the Aloe Vera.
And when we say ‘old as time’, we mean it.
Humans have been using aloe vera medicinally for thousands of years.
But does the slimy gel actually have skin-healing properties?
Well, the research is surprisingly scarce, but it seems like it may help boost your skin’s
natural healing process.
Sunburns themselves really aren’t all that different than burns from a campfire, a curling
iron, or stepping on a George Foreman grill.
So studies looking at burn healing tend to lump them together.
And there is some evidence that applying the mucus innards from Aloe plants helps you heal
faster after a burn.
A review from 2007 in the journal Burns found that in 127 burn victims, those who used aloe
healed almost 9 days faster on average than those in control groups.
But what aloe actually does is a little less clear.
In general, there are three main concerns when treating burns: reducing pain, actually
healing the wound, and preventing infection.
Aloe’s antibacterial and antifungal activities are well documented, so it might simply help
because it keeps pesky microbes at bay.
But ask just about anyone who slathers on the aloe after a sunburn, and they’ll swear
it’s an analgesic, meaning that it reduces pain.
And that might be because it reduces inflammation—your body’s immune response that makes things
like sunburns all red and painful.
For example, an experiment in 1993 was able to isolate an enzyme in aloe that breaks down
bradykinin, an inflammatory substance linked with pain.
But there’s not all that much clinical research on aloe pain-killing effects, so the jury
is still out on whether they’re real, or it’s just acting as a placebo.
There’s a bit more evidence that it boosts skin healing.
Studies in rats have shown that aloe extract helps new skin cells move into burned areas,
so they can rebuild the damaged tissue.
And the gooey gel in aloe vera contains a large amount of glucomannan, a fiber comprised
mostly of the sugar mannose, which stimulates the production of fibroblastic growth factor.
It helps stimulate the formation of collagen and new blood vessels, which speed up how
quickly the skin heals.
That said, human studies to date are kind of flimsy.
A 2012 Cochrane review noted that the few trials that have been conducted aren’t high
quality—they’re all small, and their results are potentially biased by things the patients
or caregivers knowing aloe was being used.
So, it might work, or it might just be that people think it’ll work.
And when it comes to your over the counter sunburn gel, it might not even be the aloe
itself.
Researchers have found that it can speed up that absorption of vitamins and drugs through
the skin.
So if your aloe gel also has things like Vitamin E, or some other anti-inflammatory drug, that
substance gets into your skin faster.
But whether aloe works or not, I think we can all agree it’s just better to avoid
needing it.
So if you’re going to spend some time in the sun this summer, maybe take steps to avoid
overexposure instead of relying on aloe to soothe your beet-red skin afterwards.
Thanks to Joelle and Brianna Beecher for asking, and to all our patrons who voted for this
question in our poll.
If you want to ask us questions like this and help decide which of them we answer, or
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