dia duit agus fáilte ar ais in this video we're going to look at the irish word do
i'm going to explain what it means i'm going to share some grammar tips about this word and we're
also going to look at all the prepositions that originate from do let's get on with it
so the irish word do just means to or for someone or something if it's just
on its own that's all it means because the end of the sentence will usually specify what exactly it
is that we're talking about so what exactly is to you or to him or to her for example tor on
tabhair an leabhar do mháire give the book to mary, so it literally means give
the book so tabhair is give & then an leabhar is the book & then do means to & we don't have to be
specific here in this particular sentence because the last word is mháire so we know who it's being
given to we don't have to specify it's him or her so it's just do mháire to mary give the book to mary
now a quick grammar tip do changes to d' if the next word starts with a
vowel so for example tabhair an leabhar d'Áine give the book to anne
this is done to make it easier to say and to keep the speech pattern
smooth it's also good to be aware of these words here which are all part of the do family
don + to the so don is basically do + an coming together to form the word don it's better
to say this rather than do an, again it means a smoother speech pattern by using don instead of do an
so don means to the but it's in terms of a singular person or a singular thing
now if we look at do na that means to the as in plural/more than one person/thing do na
so do na is used when you were referring to multiple people or things and don is used when you
are referring to a single person or thing let's look at some example sentences now
look at these words here dalta is a student & daltaí is students so daltaí is the plural of dalta
so we would say don dalta that's to the student singular or do na daltaí means to the or
for the students plural one is singular one is plural dalta is the singular and daltaí is the plural
is é an t-aon duine don jab é = he's the only man for the job
so if we look at that we can see is é an t-aon duine that means he is the only person literally
that's what it means or the one person don job é so that means for the job don is used here because
it's referring to a singular thing and that singular thing is the job that's available ise
is é an t-aon duine don jab é
Thug amhránaí cáiliúil ceolchoirm do na seandaoine the famous singer put on a concert for the old people
so thug is the past tense of tabhair it means to give so the famous singer amhránaí cáiliúil is well known
or famous singer the famous singer gave or put on let's say a ceolchoirm is a concert
do na seandaoine so that means for the old people do na is referring to more than one person and
because the old people are obviously a group of people that's why we use do na instead of don here
Thug amhránaí cáiliúil ceolchoirm do na seandaoine
we're going to look at the prepositions now
but first of all we have to be very very clear on the personal pronouns so let's go
down through them now you can see them here i'll go down through them briefly
they are the basic personal pronouns to refer to various people whether it's me you him
her we you as in plural more than one i'd say yee there and they so it's very important we get that
right first because then we can move on to the following here that you'll see in the red writing
do+mé that equals dom
do + tú = duit
so you wouldn't say something is do tú because again it wouldn't be a good flow
of conversation it wouldn't sound right it'd sound a bit cumbersome & that's why we have the
prepositions here to help make the language easier to say and easier to understand so essentially if
you see the word dom here that is like in english to me or for me it's exactly the same and duit
is the same in english as saying to you or for you, in english you'd have two words for it in irish
you just have one word that's essentially what it means here let's go down to them
do+mé as i said is do+tú turns into duit do+sé turns into dó
refers to him to/for him do+sí then transfers into di that's to/for her then we have
dúinn daoibh & dóibh for we yee and they so once again
two verbs that you'll often find associated with do are the following inis & tabhair inish is to tell
and tabhair is to give so inis dom for example is tell me literally means tell to me tabhair dom then
is give me or give to me literally so do very often is associated with these two verbs
as they are very very very compatible and let's see how now by looking at some sample sentences
so inis dúinn there inis as i said
is tell and then dúinn is the preposition for us a group of us let's say má athraíonn
so má basically means if and athraíonn is the present tense of athraigh to change so
if there's a change and then do sheoladh to your address so do there on its own doesn't discriminate
it doesn't point and say oh it's me or it's you or it's him it just leaves it open let's say
so the last word then in the sentence sheoladh will reveal what the sentence is about and will reveal
the key information there so we don't have to use dom or duit or dó there because the sentence just
makes it easier by having sheoladh at the end inis dúinn má athraíonn do sheoladh let us know or tell us
of any change to your address
so thug is the past tense of tabhair it means gave so thug seán barróg di
seán gave a hug to her or sean hugged her so
thug seán seán gave barróg is a hug and then di is the preposition for her female di
agus d'inis sí dó and she told him so d'inis sí she told to him or she told him
d'inis there you'll see is the past tense of the irish verb inis so d'inis sí she told dó there is
the preposition for him so we know then that we're referring to seán here and the last 3 words
there cad a tharla means what happened so seán gave her a hug and she told him what happened
so d'inis sí, she told again d'inis is the past tense of
inis an dea-scéal that's the good news an dea-scéal and then do sheán means to seán so
we're not specifying whether it's a him/her we just need the word do because sheán
at the end is specifying who the good news is being given to
so thug siad means they gave again thug is the past tense of tabhair
cead dóibh that means permission to them or permission for them because remember
the whole do thing can mean to or for so there is that little bit of flexibility there so they gave
permission to them or for them and then imirt is to play ag imirt is playing so by simply dropping
the ag here and it becomes to play instead of playing because very often when you drop the ag
in irish you can just make another word out of it so as i said ag imirt is playing so we just
get rid of that ag there and then imirt means to play so they gave permission to them to play
that means it is good for you tá sé go maith duit so go maith duit is the key phrase there
good for you or even good to you as well as i said there is that bit of flexibility there
so tá drochscéala that means it's
the present hence first of all because tá refers to the present tense droch the first half of that
word there droch means bad scéala refers to news or a story so it means i have bad news the agam there
is a preposition that refers to something being on you or at you so tá drochscéala agam
is literally saying the bad news is on me or at me and then the last word then is duit so you have
2 prepositions consecutively there agam and duit the duit refers to to you or for you so it's like
saying the bad news is at me but it's on the way to you i have bad news for you
so bhí an-trua, that means like she had huge sympathy or her heart was breaking
aici means the sympathy/sorrow was on her so that's what aici is in relation to aici
is the preposition for on her and then dóibh then it's like it's going from her to them so
dóibh is to them so her heart was breaking for them or she had great pity for them
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