In this short video, we'll be discussing language patterns that show similarities,
differences, and concession. So let's first look at language patterns that show
similarities. the first pattern is like noun phrase clause. for example "Like Ella
Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan was an extremely popular jazz singer in the
1960s." So you can see that we use 'like'. It's followed by a noun phrase comma and
then a clause.
Another phrase that we use is 'is similar to.' We put a noun phrase in front then
use the phrase 'is similar to' and then a noun phrase afterwards, and this can
occur in various points in a sentence for example "Greta Van Fleet is similar
to Led Zeppelin in many ways."
Another one is 'similarities between' noun phrase 'and' noun phrase. This again can
occur in different spots in a sentence. "There are many similarities between
blues and early rock and roll music." You can also say "The similarities between
Led Zeppelin and Greta Van Fleet are obvious." So you can see that the pattern
is used in the same way but it can be used in different places in the sentence.
So let's take a look at some patterns that are used to show differences and
concession. So the opposite of 'like' is of course 'unlike.' We have 'unlike noun phrase'
and then a clause. It follows the same rules as 'like.' 'Unlike Diana Ross, the
other two members of The Supremes never became famous." So we're showing
difference here and again we have unlike and then it is followed by a noun phrase,
comma, and then a complete clause. 'In contrast to' noun phrase and then a clause.
We have "In contrast to other bands from their time, The Rolling Stones are still
performing. So again we have 'in contrast to,' it's followed by a noun phrase. This is
not a clause right here. This is a noun phrase. The clause comes after the noun
phrase and the comma,
'Despite' is another prepositional phrase that we actually use to show difference.
"Despite his fame and fortune, Kurt Cobain was deeply unhappy." Again we have 'despite'
and then a noun phrase. And, the last one is 'in spite of' and it works exactly the
same way as 'despite.' Some common errors to avoid when we were using these
language patterns first thing is despite of. Despite of is not used. It's not
correct, so we would not say 'Despite of her injury." We would just say 'Despite her
injury," Another thing is 'like, unlike, in contrast to, despite, and in spite of,
these are all prepositional phrases and cannot be followed by an independent
clause or immediately by an independent clause. So for example this is an
incorrect form "Despite she was famous, she was unhappy." We can't have a clause
like this right after despite. To correct it we can say "Despite being famous, she
was unhappy." So we can have a noun phrase here or we can add "Despite the fact." 'T
fact' is a noun phrase, but we can attach a noun clause to the fact and say
"Despite the fact that she was famous." and we get the same meaning. And, that's just
a little bit about some language patterns to show similarities,
differences, and concession.