Good Afternoon.
I am Dae-Im Kang and working at KRISS(Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science).
Today I'm going to tell you about warm science.
I hurt my leg yesterday when I came here for rehearsal.
Warm science that I'm going to tell you is science technology for disabled people
and I was thinking 'why did I hurt my leg?' at home during applying a hot towel to the leg.
I think it was a some kind of supportive message from my friends for today's talk.
From now on, I'm going to tell you about warm science technology.
What kinds of things are occurring to you, when you think about science?
Beakers which most of you experienced in high school,
Einstein the famous scientist or Edison the famous inventor will occur to you.
The word science is from Latin "Scire" and it means "to know a thing".
Science, "to know a thing" is knowledge about the world in the form of testable explanations and predictions.
So it needs the universality from repetitive experiments.
Science you just saw was maybe scary science technology beyond difficult science technology.
I can say it was quite different from the science that I'm going to tell you.
Then, why do we study science?
It is said that TED program was made because of a pursuit of curiosity
and science is also achieved by curiosity.
X-ray, planes you just saw, Penicillin and double helix are all the results of earlier scientists curiosity.
One more reason is for our convenience.
Computers, Internet and cell phones you all may have are changing our whole life style.
Today's science technology does not just stay at study for curiosity but produces new business.
Let me give you an example of Apple which is famous for i-phone and Apps. produces new business.
Let's see the Apple which produces I-phone and I-pad. The Apple announced sales of 76.3 billion US dollar
and the profit of 11.6 billion US dollar in 2010.
Considering the government R&D budget of 13.7 billion US dollar in 2010 in Korea,
it is a great record.
Most of companies including Apple, Samsung spend a lot of funds to the science and technology to secure themselves in global market.
Is that all?
I don't think so.
We can think about low technology not to be used because of low benefit
and quality of life tech which I'm going to tell you about and is used in aiding a disabled person or the old.
I want to express these as the warm science and technology.
The warm science, it is very easy to express in Korean but there is no appropriate word in English.
So I named it as the warm science.
I'll show you some examples.
One of the uses of low tech is Life Straw as you can see in the slide.
It's price is only 2 dollars and it can filter 2 liters of water a day for one year.
It can filters about 1,000 liters of contaminated water
and around 6,000 people a day and 2 million people a year die from drinking contaminated water.
The Life Straw of only 2 dollars can be effectively used to solve this problem.
This slide shows the office of professor Lee, Sang-muk in Seoul National University.
Professor Lee cannot use his hands and legs because he got a car accident a few years ago.
The wheel chair he uses is operated by moving face muscles and breath.
Also the computer is operated by sounds.
To share science knowledges we have to people in the alienated class can be another kind of warm science technology.
Recently professor Jeong, Jae-seung in KAIST is one of the speakers well-known in this field.
I'd like to introduce myself shortly.
I've been worked in Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science(KRISS) since 1982 and studied the national standard of force.
I developed force standard machines, force sensors which is used to measure forces
and tactile sensor which can sense tactile feeling like our hands.
This is the time and frequency standard in Korea developed by KRISS.
This is very accurate and its uncertainty is less than 1 second for 300,000 years.
This is disseminated through national systems so clocks you are using,
GPS and standard time signal can be accurate.
What it every clock you have is not accurate?
Then today's event might not run as scheduled.
I can say that I did not worked for the difficult science rather than warm science.
Based on my experience on developing a tactile sensor,
I have been a project leader of converging research center for artificial neurosensory device and cognitive system and studied converging
with psychologists, physiologists, biologists, doctors and engineers since 2 years ago.
In this project, we are trying to develop a visual bio-mimetic device, a bio-mimetic miniature auditory device, a flexible tactile sensor
and an integrated cognitive-affective system for human-computer interface.
Eye-helper is assistant system that helps disabled people in eye
and developed by converging these kinds of technologies.
We are also developing ear-helper that helps disabled people in hearing.
Today, I'm going to introduce you these two technologies.
Did you see a movie 'Glove'? Pleas raise your hand.
Let's watch a trailer of the movie.
(Movie trailer)
"We live in the world without sounds, but we can feel the cheering."
The movie is about baseball team comprised of disabled students in hearing and I was very touched.
Can you guess what kinds of sound disabled people in hearing want to hear the most?
They want to hear the sounds like horn of cars. Since they cannot hear,
they can't cognize urgent situations around them.
That's why they want to hear danger signals like horn and people who have babies want to hear crying of a baby.
Then they want to hear the sounds nature as winds and waves and furthermore they want to listen to the music.
So we adopt glasses with miniature microphones for conveying sounds
and analyze different kinds of sound signal from the microphone
and detect if the signal is dangerous one or not then if it is dangerous one,
the glasses shows where the signal is and how dangerous it is.
Also the tactile display shows it.
How can we transmit the emotion of sounds?
Through frequency analysis, we can decompose sounds into loudness, sharpness, fluctuation, tonality and roughness in physical properties.
For example, a laughing voice of a baby can be expressed by loudness of 31, sharpness of 3.2 and fluctuation of 4.
In order to establish the correlation model for sound and emotion,
we analyse frequencies for many kinds of sounds and subjectively evaluate these sounds whether they have feeling of happiness or sadness through experiments.
From these data, we can make a correlation model between sounds and emotion.
Based on the same principle,
we can make a correlation model between emotion and tactile stimulus if we change its level of roughness and temperature of the surface or frequency and amplitude.
It is a model between tactile sense and emotion that shows what to do when the tactile stimulus gives a feeling of happiness or sadness.
Because disabled people in hearing could not hear sounds,
we would like to present a tactile stimulus with the same feeling in a sound indirectly to them.
Let me show you a video of ear-helper we are developing.
The glasses gives direction of sounds and helps to imagine the beach,
sound of waves and winds through tactile knowledge.
As a fire engine is passing by, the glasses and bracelet is warning the danger to him.
Next, I'd like to introduce the assistant system for disable people in eye.
What they want to do the most is going to some place freely.
Whether they go by bus, subway or on their foot,
if the system could provide them to recognize people they meet at any place and futhermore to recognize his emotion,
it would be an excellent system.
So we adopt glasses, tactile direction machines and hardware installed with many kinds of software like distance detection process.
Our system basically adopt GPS to find out where we are.
But we cannot use GPS in the underground or inside room and it is very unaccurate.
So we use an ultrasound sensor and Infra red sensor to detect the distance and position in inside.
In inside, the image recognition is very imortant to find a restroom or exit.
Also to recognize the person who they meet and detect if they met him before or not, it is needed to measure the shape of face and collected data base helps to notice the person.
One more important feature is noticing the other's emotion.
We smile when we feel good and frown when we feel bad.
And we feel bush when boyfriend or girlfriend gives a bunch of flowers.
I also feel a little bit blush and it means the change of the surface temperature of face.
So we can measure the features and temperature of face and notice whether a person feels good, bad or nothing through those informations.
And the tactile displays or earphones deliver these informations.
Let me show you another video of eye-helper we are developing.
Camera and microphone is installed to glasses and direction detect device checks the location using directions and GPS
Also reference point cognition device helps to find the entrance of subway.
Microphone gives sound signals and if the person smiles,
tactile display expresses it and if they crash together,
the display expresses the feeling of anger.
It tells that the person is who he met before.
'Kim, Jung-hoon.30. Met in Seoul'.
So the display changes the feeling into gladness.
I want to tell you a few things I've felt with carrying out this project.
First, It is difficult to make a business model by using quality of life technology.
It means it is not a good model for business
Second, most of disable people, the old and the weak are economically deprived.
It means that they cannot afford the devices we are developing.
So I think this is the problem that the nation and we all need to solve together.
One more important thing is that the infrastructure is very needed to the warm science technology be disseminated well.
As example, ultrasound generating devices with each identity I introduced earlier should be installed in every subway station to be used effectively.
So the social infrastructure is needed.
Also expenses for these systems are needed.
So I'd like to propose you one thing before closing my talk.
In order to make this warm science and technology be a business model,
the government and furthermore the whole nation should pay attention to the field more than before and it be more systematically expressed.
Second, Not only scientists but CEO's of companies should give concerns with nobless oblige.
I hope there will be more social enterprises in the future.
Last, the most important is the national concerns and sympathy.
You need to help the warm science and technology to be developed and disseminated.
I believe you will support the warm science and technology.
Thank you.