Hello everybody my name is Zohir Chowdhury, and today we'll talk about water sanitation
and hygiene wash and this is a global topic according to WTO and UNICEF by 2017 two point
1 billion people lacked access to safely managed drinking water services and 4.5 billion people
lacked safely managed sanitation services unsafe hygiene practices are widespread compounding the
effects on people's health that impact on child mortality rates is devastating with more than
340 thousand children under 5 who die annually from diarrheal diseases due to poor sanitation
poor hygiene or unsafe drinking water that is more than 800 deaths per day wash is the
acronym for water citation and hygiene due to the interdependent nature these three core issues are
grouped together to represent a growing sector while each a separate field of work each is
dependent on the presence of the other for example without toilets water sources become contaminated
without clean water basic hygiene practices are not possible in here we are showing a map from
2004 even though this map from Deborah Chu is slightly old it depicts the death that can be
attributable to water sanitation and hygiene in children aged under 5 years all over the
world based on the chart we can see that all over Africa there are many children where the number of
death from gharial diseases are highest in the world this shows how important it is to improve
availability to clean water and promote safe sanitation and hygiene practices in order to save
the lives of many people in here we are showing and a more updated statistics from un water which
is the United Nations interagency coordination mechanism for fresh water related issues including
sanitation this slide shows the water sanitation and hygiene related progress made up to 2050
this table lists examples of improved and unimproved facility types please be sure you are
able to identify which ones are improved and which ones are unimproved sources for example for the
under the water a person without access to improve drinking water for example from a protective
borehole Wow or municipal pipe supply is forced to rely on sources such as surface water unprotected
and possibly contaminated wells or vendor selling water of unverifiable source and quality for many
communities water sources are usually far from their homes and it typically falls to
women and girls to spend much of their time and energy fetching water a task which often exposes
them to attack from man and even wild animals under sanitation without improved sanitation a
facility that safely separates human wastes from human contact and people have no choice but use
inadequate communal latrines or to practice open defecation in the immediate environment
exposed fecal matter will be transferred back into people's food and water resources helping
to spread serious diseases such as cholera beyond the community the lack of effective
waste disposal disposal or sewage systems can contaminate ecosystems and contribute to disease
pandemics for the case of hygiene in some parts of the world there is little or no awareness of good
hygiene practices and their role is reducing in reducing the spread of disease however it
is often the case that even when people do have knowledge of good hygiene behavior they lack the
soap safe water and washing facilities they need to make positive changes to protect themselves and
their communities here you can see several photos of households storing water carrying water and
from a source as well as bathing bathing bathing outdoor or indoor the WTO UNICEF joint program or
J MP for water supply and sanitation was a SAP was established in 1990 since then the GMP has
produced regular estimates of global regional and national progress on drinking water sanitation and
hygiene or wash improve drinking water is defined as a type of water source that by nature of its
construction or to acting intervention it is likely to be protected from outside contamination
in particular from contamination with fecal matter as seen in the top two charts global
coverage of improved drinking water sources has increased globally from 1990 2015 however
significant disparities persist between rural and urban areas the regions with the largest gaps are
Oceania which is Australia New Zealand and the related violence and sub-saharan Africa globally
8 out of 10 people without improved drinking water live in rural areas and nearly half of
them live in sub-saharan Africa the most deprived are still using untreated surface waters waters
like lakes and rivers many of those deprived communities are located in remote hard-to-reach
areas therefore world water supply will remain a challenge for many national governments and
the development partners in the coming decades safety of drinking water is a growing concern in
many parts of the world drinking water sources are increasingly understood from contamination
which has impacts not only on the human health but also on the economic environmental and social
development of communities and nations threats to drinking water quality include unsafe handling
and storage at the household such as water drawn from safe sources may be contaminated
by the time it reaches home and is ultimately consumed in the household in addition to this
there is the threat of contamination of water sources both naturally occurring from an from
pollution water contaminated with arsenic and fluoride threaten the health of millions in
certain countries whether there has been water that has been in contact with human feces is
a major cause of disease including the area in some areas of the world the availability
of water scarce poor governance environmental degradation over extraction and climate change
are further diminishing already scarce freshwater resources the best way to address contamination
of drinking water is by preventing it from happening in the first place water safety
planning is an approach that helps communities and service providers understand and manage
contamination risk and is increasingly being applied to new and rehabilitated water points
water safety planning also helps to identify the necessary control measures communities can take
to protect their water from becoming contaminated from such things as poorly constructed or located
toilets while constructed toilets help prevent the contamination of water supplies regular hand
washing after defecation and before handling water water minimizes the risk that dirty
water the dirty hands contaminated water used in the home for these reasons it is important
to stress to stress sanitation and hygiene as an important line of defense for protecting drinking
water from fecal contamination household water treatment for example chlorination or filtration
along with improved water storage and handling is another control measure to ensure safe water
use inside households this chart from the World Health Organization DP depicts the proportion of
population using improved drinking water sources in percentages all over the world in 2015 please
remember that improved drinking water is defined as a type of water source that by nature of his
construction or through acting intervention it is likely to be protected from outside contamination
in particular from contamination with fecal matter based on this chart we can see that most of the
world is already using improved drinking water sources 41 countries still have a significant
fraction of the population continued to use unimproved drinking water sources these are mainly
concentrated in sub-saharan African countries but are also found in several other regions in seven
countries Angola Kenya Madagascar Papua New Guinea Sierra Leone South Sudan and Tajikistan many
people still rely on water collected directly from rivers lakes and irrigation channels for drinking
which causes these people to face increased risks of health and well-being this chart from the World
Health Organization depicts the proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities
in percentage all over the world for the Year 2015 improved sanitation includes connection to public
sewers or septic systems poor flush latrines pit latrines and ventilated improved pit latrines
which are an improved sanitation compared to unapproved facilities such as bucket latrines
public latrines and open pit latrines based on the chart we can see that most of North America Europe
Australia and western parts of South America and northern parts of Africa are using improved
sanitation on the other hand we can see that most of sub-saharan Africa and parts of South Asia
still have less than 50% of the population living without improved sanitation facilities sanitation
is essential to the survival and development of children currently there are 2.4 billion people
worldwide who do not use improved sanitation a facility that safe separates human waste from
human contact one in seven people or 946 million people go in the open fields forest open bodies
of water or other open spaces and this practice is known as open defecation and as a result they're
not using toilets of those who do use open defecation nine out of ten live in rural areas
it is incredibly dangerous as contact with human waste can cause diseases such as cholera typhoid
hepatitis polio diarrhea worm infestation and as well as undernutrition while progress has been
made to improve access to sanitation in some parts of the world millions of children in poor and
rural areas have been left behind five countries India Indonesia Nigeria Ethiopia Pakistan account
for 75% of open defecation globally India has the largest number of people still defecating
in the open more than 564 million peoples in India still defecate in the open in this slide
where we are seeing some photos from various countries showing children washing hands one of
the biggest challenges to ending open defecation is not just providing clean and safe toilets but
changing the behavior of entire communities in order to end open defecation it is important to
generate awareness share information and to spur behavior change in an effort to bridge the gap
between building toilets and the proper usage good hygiene practices especially hand-washing
with soap as a it is a good practice although it sounds simple this acts is essential to prevent
disease and health of children something as simple as hand-washing can save lives washing hands with
soap at critical times like after going to the toilet or before eating can save a significant
we can have a significant impact on children's health good hygiene practices reduce the incidence
of diseases that pneumoniae trachoma scabies skin and eye infections and diarrhea related diseases
like cholera and dysentery research shows that regular hand-washing with soap can reduce the
number of incidents of diarrhea a disease which can be deadly for children by around 50% education
and communication are important components to promote hygiene however education alone does not
necessarily result in improved practices promoting behavioral change is a gradual progress process
that involves working closely with communities studying existing beliefs defining motivational
strategies dis designing appropriate communication tools and finally encouraging practical steps
toward towards positive practices here we are seeing intercepts 2016 2 2013 at aging
framework the wash strategies objectives are by 2030 achieve Universal and equitable access to
safe and affordable drinking water for all and number 2 by 2030 achieve access to adequate and
equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and and open defecation paying special attention
to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations these objectives align
with a sustainable development goal number six for drinking which states that that the drinking
water sanitation and hygiene should be available for all the sustainable development goals or the
SDGs are a set of 17 goals to guide global development to 2030 goal number six again is
about ensuring the availability and sustained a sustainable management of water sanitation
for all achieving universal access by 2030 will be specially challenging for the 41 countries
where over one-fifth of the population continue to use unimproved drinking water sources these
are mainly concentrated in sub-saharan Africa but also found in several other regions as well that
will be the big challenge in the next decade so let's do some quick concept checks according to
whou in yourself a household with safely managed drinking water service is defined as e drinking
water from an awning perform an improved water source which is located on premises available
when needed and free of fecal and harmful chemical contamination another quick concept
check the term wash is used is used to refer to water sanitation and hygiene true thank you