Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson comes from a request by a few
students actually about how to use the verb: "look". Especially when I have: "look", "look
like", "look alike", "look as if", "look as though". So what we're going to do is we're
going to explain the different uses because this is a very common verb and very useful
for everybody to know.
So first, let's look at the plain verb: "look". "He looks happy.", "She looks sad." In this
case, very straightforward. The verb means have the appearance of, to appear in a certain
way. So it's always about physical appearance, what the eyes can see. "He looks sad." Means
maybe has a frown. "Looks happy." Big smile. Right? Doesn't matter what the appearance
is, that's what we use "look" for. "Look" plus usually an adjective or etcetera.
Now, "look like". Technically, this "like" is a preposition, it's a verb plus a preposition.
Now, many people will say: "It looks like it's going to rain." Now, does this seem like
a good sentence to you, like a correct sentence to you? "It looks like it's going to rain."
If you say: "Yes", don't worry - most people, including native English speakers will say
this sentence. "Oh, it looks like it's going to rain." Clouds, grey clouds, a little bit
chilly, looks like it's going to rain. Technically, this is incorrect. You could say: "It looks
like rain." That would be okay. After "like" which is a preposition-okay?-you cannot have
a clause, you cannot have a subject and verb. You can only have a noun or an adjective,
etcetera. "It looks like rain." That's the... That's the appearance we have. Okay? But again,
many, many people including native English speakers use this incorrectly. If you do,
don't worry about it. Everybody will understand you. If you're writing an academic PhD thesis,
don't do that.
Now, when can I use a clause after "like"? After "look", I'm sorry. You can do it with
the conjunction: "as". Okay? "Looks"... "Look as if" or: "Look as though" is a verb and
a conjunction. After a conjunction, you can have the subordinate clause. A comparative
adverb clause with a subject and a verb. "It looks as if it was going to rain.", "It looks
as if it were going to rain.", "It looks as though it was going to rain." Okay? Or: "It
looked as though it was going to rain." Now, we'll get back to that in a second.
We also have: "look alike". Okay? This is a verb plus an adjective. "Look alike" is
when two things look similar to each other. So Bob and his brother, Bill, really look
alike. Means they look like brothers, they look almost the same or very similar. Right?
Keep in mind you can also have a "lookalike" which is a noun actually. Now, if you ever
go to Las Vegas, you will see many men especially, I'm sure women do it as well, but many men
dressed like Elvis Presley. You know, they have the hair, they have that suit, the glasses
- they are called lookalikes, they're impersonators. They pretend to be somebody else; they dress
the same, they look the same, they act the same, speak the same, etcetera. Lots of places
you will see like Princess Diana lookalikes or-what's her name?-Kate now. Kate? Yeah,
that's the new princess. Lots of lookalikes, people pretend to look like that.
Now, "look as if", "look as though". I've done a bit of research on this because someone
asked me to find out what the difference is. Most teachers, many books, if not, most books
will tell you that there is absolutely no difference between the two. So if you interchange
them, if you use them the same way, one or the other... "It looks like it's like...",
"It looks as if it were going to rain.", "It looks as though it were going to rain." No
problem, everybody will understand you. If you write it, also, probably no problem.
I'll tell you how I personally use the two a little bit differently. Okay? For me, "looks
as if" talks about a possibility. Okay? It might be that way, it's more of a hypothetical
because of the word: "if". We usually use "if" as a hypothetical; maybe yes, maybe no,
we don't really know, possible. "Looks as though" I would say is a bit more probable,
a probability. So: "It looks as if it were going to rain." Okay? It looks like it might,
but we don't know, it might not rain. We don't really have enough reason to think, it's just
possible. "Yeah, looks like... Looks as though it's going to rain." I'm a little bit more
sure because I can see the thunder... Or I can hear the thunder, I can see the lightning;
I have more reason to believe so. Now, again, there's no rule. If you want to use them the
same way, go ahead.
Now, as far as the "were" here, this is part of the subjunctive voice. Usually with "if",
we're going to use "were" in the past tense. "He", "she", "it", "I", "you", "everybody"
- "were". With "though", you would use "was", not "were". But, again, people are not very
strict about this particular expression, this particular clause. If you say: "Looked as
if it was going to rain." Okay. Okay? In terms of the different verbs you're going to use,
depends on the context and the situation. But think of this as the adjective... As the
conjunction for the clause and the verb will match the situation, not the clause itself.
There's no rule, particular rule that you have to follow. It's all about context.
"Look", appearance. "Look like", resemble something. "Look alike", two things, or three
things, or many things look similar. "Look as if", it's possibly going to happen, it
seems to be, appears to be. "Looks as though", I'm pretty sure, it's more probable, in my
case. You do as suits you I think the best.
Again, if you want to practice this, go to www.engvid.com, there's a quiz there that
you can practice. Ask your questions. I'll be happy to give you more examples.
And come back again.