Hello! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
In this lesson I'll be talking about some
confusing English words. Words that sound exactly the same but are spelled
differently and they have different meanings, different uses.
Words like bare and bear, raw and roar.
These words are called homonyms. So quite a few of you
have been asking me to create a lesson about these types of words, about homonyms,
to help you to understand the difference between these words and how to use them.
These pairs of words or groups of words have different meanings and often they
are completely different types of words.
One's a noun, one's an adjective, one's a verb, one's an adverb.
So, usually the context will help you to understand
which word is the right one to use but you need to remember the spelling - which
is the tricky part!
So it's especially important when you're writing,
when you're speaking it doesn't matter so much because they sound
exactly the same right? But as soon as you write it down, that's where you'll
run into trouble - especially if you're writing an exam, you're writing an
important email or an essay that you need to submit.
So in this lesson you'll
learn some new words (hopefully) but more importantly you'll learn about some
pairs of words or groups of words where you need to be extra careful about your
spelling and your use. Please note that you'll be hearing these words in my
Australian accent. The pronunciation of some of these words can be slightly
different depending on where you are hearing them. If it's American English
or British English, in England or in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa
or anywhere else where English is spoken. As always, I have lovingly
prepared subtitles for you. If you can't see them now, you just need to turn them on.
Press the little button down there that has two C's on it.
OK, now we're ready to get started!
Let's start with raw and roar. Now, both of these
words have the /ɔ:/ vowel sound,
the same sound that you'll hear in words like door and saw.
Raw. Now there are a few different uses for this word but you'll
most commonly hear it used as an adjective, particularly describing food.
So when you're talking about food, raw means that something is not cooked.
I like my steak raw! Raw vegetables are good for you.
And sushi is often made from raw fish.
It can also mean that something is natural and unprocessed. So for example
the table is made from raw timber.
Now, roar can be a noun or a verb for a very loud noise.
A person or a crowd of people can roar in anger or excitement.
If you think of a football stadium that is full of football fans and they are all
roaring when their team scores the goal, it's very loud.
You might hear the expression that someone's roaring with laughter which
means they're laughing really loudly.
Roar is also the noun that we give to
the sound that a lion makes. The lion roared.
Now, there are more English homonym pairs
that use this same vowel sound. It's quite a common one, actually.
Words like your and you're, saw and sore. Poor and paw and pore.
Flaw and floor. Sure and shore.
So you must be careful about how you use these words.
OK let's move on!
Bare and bear. Now both of these words use the /eə/ diphthongs sound.
The same sound that you'll hear in words like air and care and compare.
Now, bare is an
adjective that describes when there is nothing covering something else.
Bare walls, for example, have no pictures on them.
Bare land has no trees on it.
Bare skin is skin without any clothing on.
A bear is - of course - an animal, a noun.
A teddy bear or a koala bear or a panda bear. Again, there are more English
homonym pairs that use this same vowel sound, such as stare and stair, pear and
pair, flair and flare, wear and where.
There, their and they're.
These ones always used to drive me crazy at school! I was always confusing there
and their. They all use the same diphthong sound again. /eə/
While these words all sound exactly the same, they have very different meanings
and different uses. There is commonly used as an adverb to give more
information about where something is or was or will be.
I'll meet you there after school.
So there is a place.
It's also used as a pronoun.
There's someone behind you.
There is someone waiting for you outside.
Their is the possessive form of 'they' and
it's always followed by a noun. Their car, their company, their bad luck.
Note that it can also be the possessive form of a single person if you don't
know if it's a male or female person. So for example.
Someone left their jacket behind.
They're is the contracted form of 'they are'. Words are often contracted to
make them easier to say and quicker to say. So 'they are' becomes they're
pronounced in exactly the same way. They're.
They're hungry, they're moving to Sydney.
Here and hear. Now, both of these words use the /ɪə/
diphthongs sound. /ɪə/ The same sound that you hear in words like
ear and beer and year.
Now, here is mainly used as an adverb.
Wait here, I'll be back in five minutes.
But it can also be used as an interjection like
Here, hold this.
Hear is a verb,
of course you know this one.
I can't hear what he's saying. Can you hear that?
Again, because these two words are
different types of words they'll be used quite differently in sentences.
Did you hear that announcement? They told us to wait here.
Another homonym pair that uses the same sound is dear and deer.
So dear has quite a few different uses as an adjective
and deer is a noun, also the name of an animal.
Which and witch. Both pronounced in exactly the same way. Which.
Which is a determiner or a pronoun.
Which one do you want? Which design do you prefer?
Which car is the fastest? Which of you wants to go first?
A witch is a woman in stories. A woman who has magical powers.
She was accused of being a witch because she always wore black.
Again, both of these words are
used quite differently in English sentences because they're different
types of words. In fact, they can even be used in the same sentence!
Which witch scares you the most?!
Flour and flower. So the pronunciation here, we have a diphthong sound and the
schwa sound /aʊ/
/ə/ /aʊə/ flour.
Both of these words are nouns and they're pronounced in exactly the
same way but they're quite different.
Even though they're both nouns, they're quite different.
One is a countable noun. Flower. So if you hear this noun in a plural form,
flowers, you'll know that the speaker is talking about flowers.
Flour is uncountable because it's a powder and generally
powders are uncountable in English.
Because one is countable and the other
is uncountable, these two words are used quite differently in English sentences.
To learn more about the different ways that countable and uncountable nouns are
used in English sentences, check out this lesson up here.
I've created a whole new lesson about uncountable nouns for you!
Threw and through.
Now both of these words use the /u:/ vowel sound, the same
sound that you hear in words like do and clue.
Watch out for the unvoiced TH sound here,
it's a little tricky when it's next to the R. Make sure that your tongue is
coming through your teeth when you pronounce that sound. Threw.
Threw is a verb, the past tense form of throw.
He threw the ball over the fence by accident.
Through is used in a few different ways. For example, as a preposition.
Push your tongue through your teeth to make this sound.
As an adverb, there's water coming through the ceiling.
And as an adjective,
I'll call you when the day is through. I'm really busy right now.
So there, through means done or finished.
Assistance and assistants.
Now assistance is a noun. It's help or support that's given to someone.
It's an uncountable noun so it can't be plural,
there's only one form, assistance.
Can I have your assistance lifting this box into my car?
I asked her for some assistance, because I couldn't find my seat.
He needed financial assistance to start his business.
Now assistants is also a noun
but it's a plural noun, the singular form is assistant.
When there is only one, it's assistant.
But when the S is added the T softens and most of the time
you can't even hear it. An assistant is someone whose job it is to help someone else.
A shop assistant is someone who works in a shop and helps customers.
A personal assistant is a person who helps someone else to do their job.
And again, we can use these words in the same sentence.
The shop assistants will give you assistance if you need it.
As always, I've made a worksheet for you so that
you can practice using these different words together in sentences.
You can download it right here.
Now these words are so similar that it's easy to make mistakes,
even for native English speakers! Every native English speaker
who's watching this video or who's not has confused these words at some point
in their lives. It's nothing to be ashamed of!
These mistakes are silly little mistakes
that often you don't mean to make but it happens!
It's just frustrating that sometimes it does happen
in an important email or when you've just submitted your assignment and
realise you've made a mistake! Before I finish up this lesson I want to tell you
about an awesome tool that I use to help make fewer mistakes with homonyms and I
always recommend it to my students because it's so good, it's also really
good with spelling and grammar! It's going to be your secret weapon to make
sure that you don't make these mistakes again. It's MY secret weapon sometimes!
When I'm trying to write an email really quickly or I'm writing YouTube comments
or Facebook comments or I'm writing a blog post, you know, sometimes I make
these mistakes - especially if I'm typing really quickly and that's life!
It happens! But now I've installed the Grammarly app onto my browser.
Grammarly tells you when you've accidentally made one of these mistakes and it tells you
why you've made that mistake, if you're not sure. Now, Grammarly tells you when
you've made one of these mistakes accidentally, it will help you to check
your spelling and tell you when you've made an error!
Oops! That is exactly why I use Grammarly just to make sure!
I use it to help
me while I'm writing emails, blog posts and essays to make sure that I know when
I've made these mistakes and I can feel confident when I'm writing that I
haven't made these mistakes.
The great news is, this app is absolutely free!
Just click this link up here, I've made a blog post to help you understand why
this tool is so useful and a video on how to use it.
Really important tool for English students because if you don't have a
teacher who's sitting next to you and telling you why you're making these
mistakes, Grammarly is the next best thing!
Anyway, this is the perfect tool to
help you make fewer mistakes in English with homonyms or with English grammar.
Well I hope that this lesson has been helpful for you. If you would like to
keep practicing with me, check out these lessons right here.
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Click the red button just down there. Bye for now!