Conductive versus dissipative:
Does it matter?
Conductive and static dissipative are technical terms
used to describe how quickly or slowly
an electrical charge will flow across the surface
or through the thickness of a material.
With regards to static-control flooring,
they are largely meaningless terms.
Most static events in the workplace occur
when a person carrying a static charge on his or her body
touches an electronic device.
Humans can't feel a static discharge under 3,500 volts.
Yet a discharge of as little as 20 volts
can damage or destroy electronic components.
ESD floors are designed to inhibit static electricity,
thus preventing damage from random static discharge.
To perform properly, the floor must meet two criteria.
One, it must draw static electricity
away from people or charged objects
and conduct the charge safely to ground.
Two, it must prevent static generation in the first place.
The floor's conductive or static-dissipative properties
are responsible for the first criterion,
grounding static charges.
To predict how efficiently an ESD floor will ground charges,
we measure its electrical resistance.
For this test, we use a resistance meter,
which measures, in ohms, the capacity of a flooring material
to resist, or reduce, the flow of electricity.
The ESD Association, an ANSI standards organization
focused on avoiding electrostatic discharge,
requires that all ESD floors measure below 1 billion ohms.
Today, industry consensus
is that a floor should never be too conductive.
Nor so highly dissipative
that it cannot bleed static charges
as quickly as they're generated.
So marketers insist, incorrectly, that the performance
of a highly conductive floor
is superior to floors with less conductivity or vice versa.
This combination of misinformation
and a lack of technical knowledge at the specifier level
has created a meaningless controversy
about the advantages and pitfalls
of conductive versus static-dissipative floors.
The truth is, to simply discharge static to ground,
neither range is better than the other.
To comply with industry standards,
all that matters is that electrical resistance
measures under one times 10 to the ninth (10E9).
The safest, best performing ESD floors
fall somewhere in the middle of this range.
Why?
Because at the lowest point,
2.5 times 10 to the fourth (10E4),
electricity may flow too quickly.
Electrical currents seek the easiest path to ground.
In the unlikely event
that a person on an overly conductive floor
accidentally became part of a live electrical circuit,
he or she could possibly be exposed
to a dangerous electrical current.
At the highest point in the range,
one times 10 to the ninth,
charges that come into contact with the floor
may bleed from its surface too slowly
to prevent damage from random static events.
The goal is to find a floor that falls within
the ideal range,
what we call "the Sweet Spot".
That is, between one times 10 to the fifth (10E5),
and one times 10 to the eighth (10E8).
Any flooring material within this range
meets current industry standards
and will safely and effectively discharge static to ground.
Before writing any specification,
you need to understand all performance criteria.
As we said at the beginning,
the floor must perform two important functions.
The second is that the floor must prevent static electricity
in the first place.
The second property - called low charge generation -
has little to do with whether a floor
is dissipative or conductive.
To be sure your new floor will control static
and prevent damage from random static discharge,
it's crucial to measure two parameters,
resistance and walking body voltage.
Staticworx produces static-control flooring products
that protect sensitive electronic components
from harm caused by electrostatic discharge, ESD.
To learn more about preventing static electricity,
call or visit our website.
Staticworx. We keep you grounded.