Hello everyone, this is Andrew
from Crown Academy of English and today we are going to
be doing a grammar lesson and
we are going to look at the difference between the word
all and every... so
people very often get confused between those two words
so we're going to look at the differences between the words
and when do we use "all" ? And
when do we use "every" ? Let's get started! So
on this photograph we can see there are
three ducks. Three yellow ducks.
This duck is yellow, the first one.
The second one is yellow. The third one
is yellow. So we can say
all
of the ducks are yellow. All
of the ducks are yellow. The word "of"
is inside brackets because the word
"of" is optional. So we can either say
all the ducks are yellow, or
all OF the ducks are yellow. It's the same.
We can also say....
we can also use the word "every". Every duck
is yellow, every duck
is yellow. So both of these sentences
are correct and both of them mean
the same thing. So the meaning is the same....
okay. So you have a choice
in this instance of either saying "all"
or "every". Now...
there is a rule
of the grammar structure of when we use the word "all"......
and if you can see it you can see the word
all.....after it, the word
duck, is in plural, so
when we use the word "all", the noun
must go into the plural okay...
and because the noun here... because ducks
is now plural, the verb is also plural.
So this is the verb "to be" in
the ..... let me just think .... the third person plural.
so "are". And when we use the word
"every".... "every" uses
the singular form of the noun, so
every duck and because duck is singular,
then the verb is singular
as well. So this is the
... third-person singular of the verb
"to be". So this is the rule -
when we use the word "all", we must
use the plural afterwards and when we use the word
"every", the noun must go
in the singular form. Let's look at two more examples:
So here are
some chocolate cakes. This cake is made of chocolate,
this cake is made of chocolate, this cake is made of chocolate...
so we can say all
of the cakes are chocolate cakes. So "all"
followed by the plural....
cakes are chocolate cakes.
And we can also say
the same meaning but a different way of saying it, we can use the word
"every" and we say every cake
is a chocolate cake... so
every and
cake in singular form is
a chocolate cake. So both of those sentences
mean the same thing.
And the last example: Here we have
a child who looks happy,
and this child is happy,
this child is happy
so here we say all of the children
are happy... and remember that
"child" is an irregular noun
and in the plural ....
the plural of child is children.
So we have "all", followed by
the children which is plural and we say they
ARE happy.
And if we want to use the word "every", again we use
"every" + singular so every child
is happy. So the most important thing to remember is...
"all" plus plural
and "every" plus singular.
Now there are just another couple of exceptions...
we cannot always use all
and every for the same
uses. Sometimes we can only use the word
"all" and one example is
if we want to use a possessive pronoun,
then we can only used the word "all" - we cannot use the word...
(excuse me!) we cannot use the word "every"
So, what is a possessive pronoun?
Well here they are - the possessive pronouns are words like:
my, your, his,
her, its, our
and their. So these possessive pronouns
are used to indicate possession....
that somebody owns something...
and if we want to use one of these words
in our sentence, then
we must only use the word
"all" - We cannot use the word
"every" .... so ...
if we want to use a possessive pronoun,
it is okay to use the word "all". So we can say
"all" and then a possessive pronoun...
..that is OK but
we cannot use the word
every - that is wrong.
Example:
So here we can see there are some tablets, some medication...
okay so the tablets are
brown in colour...
and if we want to use the word "your"... if we want to say that they are your tablets,
we must use the word "all" so we can say
all of your tablets are brown.
That is correct,
but we must not say every
your tablets... so if we use the word "your",
then "every" is wrong. We cannot say
every. This is wrong
and that is wrong. So even
plural or singular, they are both wrong...
okay... do not use "every" with
any of these possessive pronouns. Another
example... here we have some sweets
and they are all in like a heart shape...
so ...
we would say all of their sweets,
so if the sweets belong to them, third person plural,
that is okay we can say all of their sweets
our hearts, but
we must not use the word every because this is a possessive pronoun
and we must not use "every" with possessive pronouns.
so "every their.." is wrong. Now
similar, if we want to use something called a
"demonstrative", we can only use the word
"all". So,
what is a demonstrative? Well in English
these are words like .. well ...
the singular would be "this"
and "that" and in the plural,
it is "these" and "those".
Now for this lesson, we are
only interested in the plural
because "all" and
"every" ..... are
only referring to nouns in the plural.
So, this lesson we're just looking at the words
these and those. So
the rule is similar to possessive pronouns -
If we want to use the word "these"
and "those", then we can
only use "all". We must not use
"every". So
"all" followed by
these and those is correct but
we must not use "every". Every....
we cannot say "every these" or "every those". That is
wrong. Example - So we have some
eggs. The eggs are fresh...
and so we can say
all of these eggs are fresh. That is fine, that is OK
but "every these
eggs are fresh" is wrong ...so we cannot use
"every". We cannot use "every" with these. We can only use "all".
So "every these
eggs is fresh" is wrong as well. The singular or plural. Both of them are
wrong.
Example 2 - So we have some
nice-looking oranges ... and I think these oranges come from Spain.
We all know Spain grows the nicest oranges :-)
and
so we can say all of those oranges
are from Spain. That is OK, that is correct.
But we cannot say
"every those oranges", that is wrong
because it's the word "every". So
the conclusion here is if we want to use the word
"these" or "those" in our sentence, then
we must used the word "all".
okay? all
+ uncountable nouns... well
what is an uncountable noun? Well
.... the definition
looks complicated but it is actually quite
simple - An uncountable noun
is something that
we cannot separate into
different parts. We cannot count them
and the best is if I give you an example.
For example, the word "milk" -
We do not say one milk, two milks,
three milks - we just say "milk".
It is a word that only exists in the singular
form - the same for "music"
It is a general word that only
exists in the singular - We do not say
one music, two musics, three musics... we just say
"music"... ok?
And so when we want to use these words,
we can only use...again... we must only used the word
"all" - we cannot say "every".
We cannot say "every furniture", "every music",
"every milk"
So we must use "all",
we must not use "every".
Example -
Stephen likes rock music,
Stephen likes jazz music,
and Stephen also likes
classical music
so we can say
Stephen likes all music.
So this is the uncountable noun,
and notice this time the word stays in
the singular... okay... and we do not use the word
"the" so there is no
article... there is no definite article.
We say the word "all" and then
the uncountable noun which always stays
in the singular.
So this is wrong. We must not say "Steven likes
every music". That is just nonsense. That
does not make any sense. It doesn't mean anything
and grammatically it is wrong.
So just to remember, if it is an uncountable noun,
you can only use the word "all".
And there is
another meaning of the word ...
"all", and it means "the whole of.."
Let me give you an example what we mean.
So here we can see there is a cake
okay... now imagine that somebody
eats this slice
of the cake and then he eats
another slice of the cake, and then he eats
this slice of the cake, and then he eats
the last slice of the cake.
So we can say "my friends
ate all of the cake". So
"all" here means
everything - the whole of the cake.
It's another way of saying "the whole of..."
ok... so my friends ate all
of the cake....
and in this context,
emy friends ate every cake" is
is wrong - in this example ...
because this sentence
means that there are several cakes
but there isn't, there aren't several cakes. There is one
single cake, so
this is wrong ok?
We must say "my friends ate all of the cake" It means the whole
of the cake. However,
instead of talking about the cake
itself, if we talk about
a slice of the cake, then yes, we can now
say "my friends ate all the slices
of the cake. And in this
case, then we
use the word "all" and then the plural...
like we saw at the beginning.
And if we are talking about
slices of the cake, then yes it is ok,
in that case to use the word "every".
We can then say "my friends ate
every slice of the cake". So this is an example
of what we saw at the beginning of the lesson.
So "every", followed by
a singular noun.
Finally a very common use
of the word "all" and "every" is when we're talking about
time and duration...
okay ... and regular events.
So, for example,
if we are talking about
..... I
.... wake up in the morning
... and I start work
at 6 o'clock, for example,
so I start work early in the morning and I work
until the night....
so I start work in the morning,
I finish working at night,
we can say "Yesterday,
I worked all day." So
"all day" means ....
this is a duration. It means I started
at the beginning of the day, and I finished
at the end of the day. So we used the word
"all" followed by .....
a time expression... and it means a
duration: of time. So "all"
followed by day, it means
I worked and I started at the beginning of the day
and I finished at the end of the day. It's a duration.
Now,
on the other example, we can say, for example,
last week I worked on Sunday,
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
So we can say
"Last week, I worked EVERY day". So can you see the difference?
So "every" followed by "day". This
is referring to a regular event a regular event
in time. Okay so there's a difference
between "all day" and
"every day" ... and that is the difference.
So examples ...
of words we can say here - We can say "all week" and that would mean we start on
Monday
and we finish on Sunday. You can say
"all month", "all morning", "all year" ...
and the same for "every". We can say
"every week", "every month", "every morning",
"every year". So this is
a regular event
that is repeated over time ... and this is
a duration.
So we are now going to test your knowledge.
We're going to do an exercise so I want you to fill in the gaps.
You have to decide if the answer
is "all" or "every". So
for example - There's a flight from Paris to London...
something ..day.
So what is the correct word? Should we say
"all" or "every"? What do you think?
Well the answer is "every"
We are talking about
something that's happening regularly and so we say
"every day". Okay
so now, there are going to be seven questions
and you will see the question,
and then there will be 10 seconds
before the answer appears on the screen.
So if you need more than 10 seconds,
just press PAUSE on the video.
Okay, so get ready, you need, probably might need a pen or paper
..... get ready .. question 1
So the weather is very hot.
All the animals are in the water. So this
is an example of what we saw at the beginning.
When we used the word "all", it is followed by a noun
in the plural. Question two....
Yesterday, the neighbor's dog barked
all day. So again, this is a
duration - We're talking about yesterday,
and the dog
barked for the duration of the day.
So we must use the word "all"
Question 3:
Thousands of tourists visit buckingham palace every week.
Now this time, we're talking about something that happens
regularly. So we used the word "every"
Question four..
My father
likes red wine, white wine and
rosé wine. He likes all wine.
So this is
an example of an uncountable noun...
because we cannot say one wine,
two wines, three wines. No,
we just say wine and it's always
in the singular. We cannot count wine
so we can only use the word
"all". He likes all wine. Question 5...
Yesterday, there was a storm. Today,
every boat in the port is damaged.
So here we are using .....
we can see that the noun is in the singular form.
it's in the singular... and the verb is singular ...
so that means we are using the word "every"
because "every" is followed by
a noun in the singular form. If we wanted to use the word
"all", we could have said "Today,
all of the boats in the port are damaged.
That would also be correct. Question six.....
Look at all those birds in the trees so
it must be the word all because ....
well first of all it's plural and second ...
.. this is
.... a demonstrative
word. We saw that earlier. Because we are using the word
"those" then we cannot use the word
"every". So we must used the word "all" with the word "those".
And the last question, question seven ....
My sister has borrowed all my CDs ...
and again ...
remember the rule we saw earlier. This
is a possessive pronoun. This is the word "my" it's a possessive pronoun.
That means the CDs of me, that belong to me.
So we can only use the word "all".
We must not use the word "every". So
that is the end of the lesson. Thank-you very much
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Okay thank you very much again for watching,
for listening. This is Andrew from Crown Academy of English..
bye bye and I'll see you very soon!