Hey guys, in this new video, we’re going to take a look at acids.
We’re going to see what are the key features that make acids acids, and more importantly,
how do we distinguish one type of acid from another.
So if we take a look at the beginning it says the most common feature of an acid is that
it possesses an H+ ion.
Now here’s a thing, not all acids have H+ but a majority of them do.
Or we’re going to say the name of this H+ ion is hydronium ion.
Later on we’re going to learn that certain types of acids don’t possess H+ at all but
they’re still acids.
They’re just a special type of acid which we call louise acids.
When we get to that section we’ll cover that in detail, but for right now just remember
most acids have H+.
This H+ ion is called hydronium ion or hydrogen ion.
And we’re also going to say here is H+ is the same thing as H3O+.
You’re going to see that your professor uses them interchangeably.
That’s because those same exact thing, they’re just a different rate way of writing the same
exact ion.
So just remember H+ is the same thing as H3O+.
Now we’re going to say when it comes to acids there are two major forms.
Now the simpler of the two are called binary acids.
Now binary acid possesses H+ and that H+ is connected to some electronegative element.
Now we’re gonna say the electronegative element would be Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus,
or some type of Halogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine iodide.
Now the key things that binary acids don’t have is, were going to say no binary acid
has oxygen.
If you have oxygen on an acid that will be different type of acid.
So all binary acids none of them oxygen present.
Now the second thing is, they usually possess no metals.
Usually if we have a metal within a compound, it’s ionic.
And usually it will be a base, if a metal is involved, it’s usually a base.
Of course there are exceptions to this and we’ll talk about that later on.
Now we’re going to say here, the most common types of these particular acids are called
your haloacid.
Halo means that we have a halogen, and of course acid is H+.
So remember the halogens are in group 7A, and if you’re in a group 7A what’s your
charge?
Hopefully you guys remember the charge distribution in the periodic table.
So remember if you’re in a group 7A your charge is -1, so we have F-, CL-, BR-, I-.
So when we have positive H+ connecting with one of these negative ions, our haloacids
would be HF, HCL, HBR, HI.
So these are your four haloacids, hydrogen connected to a halogen.
Now we could talk about other types of common binary acids based on groups.
So we just looked at group 7A.
So that would be HF, HCL, HBR, HI.
But remember we also got group 6A involved.
Remember when you’re group 6A, your charges are -2.
So we’re going to skip Oxygen in group 6A because again, binary acids don’t possess
any oxygen.
So if we go down groups 6A and you’re looking at the periodic table, the next would be S2-,
Se2-, Te2-.
And again this guys are combining with H+ to give us a binary acid.
So let’s just remember what we learn about ionic compounds.
How do we make them into compounds?
Remember the charges, the number from the charges crisscross to give us our compound.
So we’d have H2S, H2Se, H2Te, so these will be your binary acids that are common to group
6A.
And then we could say that we have certain ones that are a little bit different.
So these are the odd ones, that their technically still binary acids, they’re just a little
bit different.
So here we can have HN3 and here we can have HCN, so those would be the odd ones out.
They’re a little bit different from group 7A and 6A but they’re still binary acids
because in here we have H+ connected to a negative ion (N3-), and here we have H+ connected
to a polyatomic ion CN-, cyanide ion.
Now we’ll learn how to name these later on in coming videos, but for right now, this
are our typical common types of binary acids from group 6A, group 7A and also the odd ones.
Now that we’ve seen these first type of acids, it’s time to talk about the second
type.