For this next tutorial, we are going
to be talking about how to add functional groups
to a molecular model.
Now we're going to be starting with this basic propane, which
we built earlier, and we are going to first add an alkyne.
Now, this is a triple bond.
This represents an alkyne.
So in order to turn this propane into a propyne,
I'm going to remove this terminal carbon
and add this triple bond onto here.
Now this actually represents two carbons,
so in order to make this a true propyne,
I would have to remove this carbon as well.
So this we have a propyne.
Now, notice that this alkyne does not rotate or bend.
The single bond still does, but the triple bond
does not rotate at all.
OK, now the next thing that I'm going to build
is going to be a carboxylic acid.
Now to turn this into a carboxylic acid,
I'm going to remove the triple bond
and put one of these carbons back on.
And now I have a carboxylic acid that's
already been built for me.
If you look here, this is a carbon,
and it is double bonded to this red structure, which
red in this model kit represents oxygen.
So this is a carbonyl carbon, because it's double bonded to--
or it's a carbonyl oxygen, because it's double
bonded to a carbon.
And then over here, we have an oxygen
that is single bonded to the carbon,
and a hydrogen, which is a hydroxyl group.
So this represents a carboxylic acid,
and I'm going to add that onto the end here.
And we have a carboxylic acid.
Now, in order to convert this carboxylic acid
into an aldehyde, all I have to do
is remove this hydroxyl group.
And now I have an aldehyde.
You see the double bonded oxygen, the carbonyl,
and this would be a hydrogen here, and your two carbons.
So then the next thing that I'm going to do
is convert this aldehyde into a ketone.
Now in order to do that, I need to move this double bonded
oxygen. So we are going to remove this,
and we are going to just switch these around.
And so now we have a ketone.
Finally, I want to convert this ketone into an amine.
Now in order to do that, again, I'm
going to remove the double bonded oxygen.
And we're going to put this back here.
And I'm going to add my carbon back on here,
and then this is an amine.
Blue represents nitrogen, so we have a nitrogen
and two hydrogens here.
And we're going to add that on at the end of our propane
to make an amine.