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guys it's Greg with Apple explained and
today we're gonna explore the history of
the classic Macintosh operating system
now Mac OS is the modern operating
system that powers every Macintosh
computer from the Mac Mini to the iMac
pro but the classic Macintosh operating
systems Mac OS 9 and lower is what we'll
be focusing on in this video as part of
Apple's goal of creating a computer with
appliance like simplicity there is no
distinction made between the operating
system software and the hardware it ran
on because of this early versions of the
operating system didn't have specific
names so version numbers of the
operating system are based on the finder
and system file versions macintosh
system software 1 was introduced
alongside the original Macintosh 128k 2
much applause by Steve Jobs on January
24th 1984 in fact the round of applause
that followed its introduction was one
of the longest in recorded history
this initial iteration of the Mac
operating system was simply called
Macintosh system software although what
would later be referred to as Macintosh
system software 1 as a newer versions
were released many people have
mistakenly claimed that this operating
system was the first to feature a cursor
with a graphical user interface but that
title belonged to the Apple Lisa system
1 introduced many features that would
remain in later iterations even to this
day some of those included the finder a
file manager responsible for launching
applications and the overall user
management of files discs and network
volumes the menu bar was also a new and
revolutionary part of the operating
system similar to the one found on the
Lisa OS the Macintosh menu bar had five
basic headers when on the desktop the
Apple menu file edit view and special
although the menu bar options would
change depending on the application in
use system 1 also featured seven desk
accessories like the alarm clock which
could be used just like a real alarm the
computer would beep in the menu bar
would flash when the alarm set time was
reached it could also be used as an
easier way to set the time and date on
the computer second was a basic 10:00
button calculator capable of addition
subtraction multiplication and division
third a control panel could be used to
adjust some of the computer's settings
like volume double click speed mouse
sensitivity and desktop background on
the Macintosh 128k Macintosh 512k in the
Macintosh plus the screen brightness was
controlled by a mechanical adjustment
wheel beneath the screen not in the
software control panel what made the
original control panel unique from later
versions was the absence of any text
Apple did this to demonstrate the
graphical user interface of the
Macintosh fourth was keycaps which was
used to show the layout of the original
Macintosh keyboard although it didn't
include keyboard shortcuts that could be
achieved with modifier keys like shift
option and command v was a notepad that
would save typed text onto the floppy
disk and multiple note pages could also
be written sixth was a basic 15 piece
slide puzzle similar to the picture
puzzles found in later versions of the
Macintosh operating system and finally
scrapbook which was like a cut copy and
paste library you could store text
selections and photos to transfer to
other applications applications
available for purchase on the Macintosh
included Mac Paint Mac right Mac project
Mac terminal and Microsoft Word a
difference between desktop accessories
and applications is that multiple
desktop accessories could be run at once
but only one application could run at a
time this is due to the limited amount
of RAM in the lack of an internal hard
disk in the original Macintosh also
items in the trash were permanently
deleted when the computer was shut down
or a new application was loaded system
ones total file size was about 216
kilobytes and contained six files system
which included the desk accessories
finder clipboard an image writer printer
driver scrapbook and notepad a separate
floppy disk included a guided tour of
Macintosh which contained tutorial
demonstrations of the Macintosh system
as well as training programs for
learning to use the mouse in the finder
also included was a 33 minute audio
cassette designed to run alongside the
demonstrations as a complement to the
floppy disk systems to through for added
helpful features to the Macintosh
but none contained anything monumental
system to added support for appletalk
which allowed a local network of
macintosh computers to be connected
without the need for a centralized
router or server system to also
introduce support for the laser writer
and added a hierarchical file system
which allowed file directories to be
searched quickly regardless of size
system 3 was introduced with the
Macintosh + officially implementing HFS
800k startup drives and support for
several new technologies including SCSI
and Apple share system 3 also included
trash bulging where the trash icon would
appear slightly bulged when files were
added system 4 was released with the
Macintosh SC and system 4.1 first
shipped with the Macintosh to these new
machines required software support for
the first expansion slots apple desktop
bus internal hard drives external color
displays and the first Motorola
processor as I said before these
operating system releases could only run
one application at a time except for
desktop accessories of special
applications shells such as multi Mac or
switcher could work around this towards
the end of 1987 Apple introduced a
package titled Apple Macintosh system
software update 5 for the first time the
Macintosh operating system was offered
as a distinct retail product that
included 4 800k discs in three manuals
at a cost of 49 US dollars while the
product box presented this update to the
operating system as version 5 this
number did not appear in the software
itself
three of the four discs system tools 1
system tools 2 and utilities 1 were all
bootable and the user could boot off of
whichever floppy disk contained the
tools the user needed for example system
tools 2 was the only disc with printer
drivers and utilities 1 was the only
disc with disk first aid and Apple hard
drive setup because the disks were named
system tools users and the press
commonly referred to this version as
system tools 5 the main feature of
system 5 was multi finder an extension
which let the system run several
programs at once but users could choose
to disable multi finder and stick with
running one application at a time also
included with system 5 for the first
time was installer a tool that could be
used to update a previous system folder
2 an
version because install are typically
targeted a floppy disk the user needed
to indicate which Macintosh the floppy
would be used on so that the correct
control panels could be included
installer could also be used to update
printer drivers system software five was
available for a very short time and only
in a few countries including the United
States Canada in some European countries
system software six was a consolidation
release of the Macintosh system software
producing a complete stable and
long-lasting operating system one of the
few features introduced in system six
was a new utility called macro maker it
allowed users to record mouse and
keyboard input as macros macro maker had
a unique user interface which aimed to
look and act like a tape recorder it was
a great concept but left much to be
desired
macro maker was criticized for its lack
of features when compared to Microsoft's
Auto Mac 3 which was already available
commercially on May 13 1991 system 7 was
released it was a major upgrade over
system 6 adding a user interface
overhaul new applications stability
improvements and many new features the
system 7 era saw numerous changes in the
Macintosh platform including a
proliferation of Macintosh models these
changes in addition to the internet
becoming popular contributed to rising
computer usage and networking one of the
most significant features of system 7
was virtual memory support which
previously had only been available as a
third-party add-on accompanying this was
a move to 32-bit memory necessary for
the ever-increasing amounts of RAM
available to ease the transition the
memory Control Panel contained a switch
to disable the 32 bit feature allowing
for compatibility with older
applications
other notable system 7 editions were
built in cooperative multitasking and
the ability to create aliases similar to
shortcuts that were being introduced in
later versions of Microsoft Windows
system extensions were enhanced by being
moved to their own subfolder and in
system 7.5 Apple included the extensions
manager a previously third-party program
which simplified the process of enabling
and disabling extensions the Apple menu
previously limited to desk accessories
in system 6 was made more
general-purpose
the user could now make frequently used
folders and applications or anything
else they desired appear in the menu
by placing aliases to them in the Apple
menu items subfolder system 7 also
introduced AppleScript a scripting
language for automating tasks 32 bit
quick-draw supporting so-called true
color imaging previously available as a
system extension and true type an
outline font standard trash under system
6 and earlier
emptied itself automatically when
shutting down a computer or when
launching an application but in system 7
trash became a special hidden folder
allowing files to remain in it across
reboots until the user deliberately
chose the empty trash command Mac OS 8
was released on July 26 1997
shortly after Steve Jobs returned to the
company it was mainly released to keep
Mac OS moving forward during a difficult
time for Apple initially planned as Mac
OS 7.7 that was renumber 8 to exploit a
legal loophole and accomplished jobs
goal of terminating third-party
manufacturers license to system 7 and
shutting down the Macintosh clone market
Mac OS 8 added a number of features from
the abandoned Copeland project while
leaving the underlying operating system
unchanged a multi-threaded finder was
included so files could now be copied in
the background the graphical user
interface was changed in appearance to a
new shaded grayscale look called
platinum and the ability to change the
appearance themes also known as skins
was added with a new control panel
though platinum was the only theme
shipped apple sold 1.2 million copies of
Mac OS 8 in its first two weeks of
availability in three million within six
months because of Apple's financial
difficulties at the time there was a
large grassroots movement among Mac
users to upgrade and help save Apple
even some pirate groups refused to
redistribute the operating system Mac OS
9 was the last major revision of the
classic Macintosh operating system and
it was released on October 23rd 1999 it
was a steady evolution from Mac OS 8 as
early development releases of Mac OS 9
were numbered 8.7 Mac OS 9 added
improved support for airport wireless
networking and introduced an early
implementation of multi-user support
although it wasn't a true multi-user
operating system Mac OS 9 did allow
multiple desktop users to have their own
data and system settings an improved
Sherlocks search engine added several
new search plugins and Mac
West nine also provided improved memory
implementation and management Apple
script was improved to allow tcp/ip and
networking control Mac OS 9 also
included an Apple software update
feature to easily find and install
updates for the operating system in
Hardware other new features included
on-the-fly file encryption software with
code signing and keychain technologies
remote networking and file server
packages and a much improved list of USB
drivers Mac OS 9 also added some
transitional technologies to help
application developers adopt some Mac OS
10 features before the introduction of
the new operating system to the public
these included new api's for the file
system and bundling of a carbon library
that apps could link against instead of
the traditional API libraries apps that
were adapted to do this could be ran
natively on Mac OS 10 as well the final
update to the classic Macintosh
operating system was version 9 point 2
point 2 released on December 5th 2001 so
that's it guys I hope you enjoyed this
history of the classic Macintosh OS if
you enjoyed the video don't forget to
leave a like thanks for watching and
I'll see you next time
you