hello everybody
in this video all footages from mars
rendered in stunning 4k
resolution all footages used in this
video are still image
as nothing really moves on mars it makes
more sense to take and send back images
instead of video
nasa's curiosity mars rover touched down
eight years ago
on august 5th 2012 and will soon be
joined by another rover
perseverance which launched on july 30th
2020.
curiosity has seen a lot since it first
set its wheels inside the 96 mile wide
154 kilometer wide basin of gale crater
its mission to study whether mars had
the water chemical building blocks
and energy sources that may have
supported microbial life billions of
years ago
since touchdown the rover journeyed more
than 14 miles
23 kilometers drilling 26 rock samples
and scooping six
soil samples along the way as it
revealed that ancient mars was indeed
suitable for life
studying the textures and compositions
of ancient rock strata is helping
scientists piece together how the
martian climate changed over time
losing its lakes and streams until it
became the cold desert it is today
curiosity took this selfie on martian
salt 2082
june 15 2018 earth time santa maria is
an impact crater on mars
located within the meridian e planium
extraterrestrial plane
lying situated within the margaret
hiffer sinus quadrangle region
it sits northwest of the much larger
endeavor crater the crater measures
about 80 to 90 meters across
rock nest is a sand patch on the surface
of eolis paulus
between peace palace and the illest mons
mount sharp
in gale crater on the planet mars the
patch was encountered by the curiosity
rover on the way from bradbury landing
to glenelg intrigue
the sand patch is downhill from a
cluster of dark rocks
nasa determined the patch to be the
location for the first use of the scoop
on the arm of the mars curiosity rover
the rock nest patch is about 1.5 meters
by 5 meters
this scene from the panoramic camera of
nasa's mars exploration rover
opportunity
catches pillinger point on the western
rim of endeavour crater
in the foreground it is presented in
false color to make differences in
surface materials more easily visible
the eastern rim of the crater is on the
distant horizon
the exposures were taken through three
of the pancam's color filters
opportunities international science team
chose pillinger point as the informal
name for this ridge as a tribute to
colin pillinger who was the british
principal investigator for the beagle 2
project
which attempted to set a lander on mars
a few weeks before opportunities landing
this view of the downwind face of namib
dune on mars covers 360 degrees
including a portion of mount sharp on
the horizon the site is part of the dark
sandbagnold dunes field along the
northwestern flank of mount sharp
images taken from orbit indicate that
dunes in the bagnold field moved as much
as about three feet per earth year
the component images of this scene were
taken by the mass camera on nasa's
curiosity mars rover
this image taken by the mass camera on
nasa curiosity rover highlights the
interesting geology of mount sharp
a mountain inside gale crater where the
rover landed
[Music]
this mosaic of images shows layers of
ancient sediment on a boulder-sized rock
called stratton
as seen by the mars hand lens imager
camera on the end of the robotic arm on
nasa's curiosity rover
the images were taken on july 10 2019
the 2462nd martian day
or saw of the mission
nasa's curiosity mars rover took these
images of strathdon using its mass
camera
or mastcam on july 9 2019
the 2461st martian saw
or day of the mission the color in the
image has been adjusted to approximate
white balancing to resemble how the
rocks and sand would appear on their
daytime lighting conditions on earth
this mosaic taken by the mars curiosity
rover
looks uphill at mount sharp spanning the
center of the image is an area with clay
bearing rocks that scientists are eager
to explore
it could shed additional light on the
role of water in creating the landscape
the mosaic was assembled from dozens of
images taken by curiosity's mass camera
mount sharp stands in the middle of gale
crater which is 96 miles
154 kilometers in diameter
this mound which curiosity has been
climbing since 2014
likely formed in the presence of water
at various points of time in mars
ancient history
that makes it an ideal place to study
how water influenced the habitability of
mars billions of years ago
this look ahead includes four geological
layers to be examined
the redder rocks of the foreground are
part of the murray formation
pale gray rocks in the middle distance
of the right half of the image are in
the clay unit
a band between those terrains is very
reuben rich rounded brown knobs beyond
the clay unit are in the sulfate unit
beyond which lie higher portions of the
mountain the view combined six images
taken with the rover's mass camera
when the rover was still more than half
a mile about a kilometer
north of vera rubin ridge much of mars
is covered by sand and dust but in some
places stacks of sedimentary layers are
visible
in this image exquisite layering is
revealed emerging from the sand in
southern holton crater
sequences like these offer a window into
mars complicated geologic history
holden crater was once a candidate
landing area for the curiosity
mars science laboratory and is still an
intriguing choice today
this view shows two scales of ripples
plus other textures
in an area where the mission examined
the linear shape dune in the bagnold
dune field on lower mount sharp
the scene is an excerpt from a 360
degree panorama acquired at a location
called ogunquit beach
crests of the longer ripples visible in
the dark sand of the dune are several
feet apart
ripples that scale are not seen on
earth's sand dunes
overlaid on those ripples are much
smaller ripples with crests about 10
times closer together
textures of the local bedrock in the
foreground part of the murray formation
that originated as lake bed sediments
and of gravel-covered ground are also
visible
a grid of small polygons on the martian
rock surface near the right edge of this
view may have originated as cracks in
drying mud more than three billion years
ago
multiple images from the mass camera
mast cam
on nasa's curiosity mars rover were
combined for this mosaic of a block
called squid cove in its immediate
surroundings
the nodule in the center of this image
from the mars hand lens imager
mali on nasa's curiosity mars rover
shows individual grains of sand and
on the left laminations from the
sandstone deposit in which the nodule
formed
the site is an exposure of knobbly
textured sandstone of the stimson
geological unit on curiosities on-ramp
to now cloof plateau
the image was taken on march 10 2016
during the 1277th martian day
or saul of curiosity's work on mars
a view from the kimberley formation on
mars taken by nasa's curiosity rover
the strata in the foreground dipped
towards the base of mount sharp
indicating flow of water toward a basin
that existed before the larger bulk of
the mountain formed
this panoramic image depth rub alcali
was taken by opportunity on the plains
of meridian e on mars
the rover was stuck in the dunes deep
fine sand for more than a month
rub al khali was chosen as the name for
this panorama because it is the name of
a similarly barren
desolate part of the saudi arabian
desert on earth
opportunities tracks leading back to the
north are a reminder of the rover's long
trek from endurance crater
these wind-formed sand features are only
about 10 to 15 centimeters tall
since the time these ruts were made some
of the dust there has been blown away by
the wind
reaffirming the dynamic nature of the
martian environment
even in this barren ocean-like desert of
sand
cape bird is a large promontory and
extremity on the rim of victoria crater
in meridian e planum
an extraterrestrial plane within the
margaret hiffer sinus quadrangle region
of the planet mars
the mars exploration rover opportunity
perched atop this feature to take a true
color mosaic of the crater below
a promontory nickname cape verde can be
seen shutting out from the walls of
victoria crater taken by the panoramic
camera on nasa's mars exploration rover
opportunity
the rover took this picture on martian
day or saul
1329 more than a month after it began
descending down the crater walls
and just nine souls shy of its second
martian birthday on sal 1338
one martian year equals 687 earth days
this mosaic of images from nasa
curiosity shows geological members of
the yellowknife bay formation
and the sites where curiosity drilled
into the lowest lying member
called sheep bed at targets john klein
and cumberland
yellowknife bay is a geologic formation
in gale crater on the planet mars
the mars reconnaissance orbiter observed
morphological features created by the
presence of liquid water
suggesting the presence of an ancient
lake which could have sustained
microbial
life the geologic depression takes its
name from the city yellowknife
capital of the canadian northwest
territories in honor of the 4 billion
year old rock in the region surrounding
the city
which matches the approximate age of the
uncovered rocking gale crater
marathon valley on mars opens
northeastward to a view across the floor
of endeavour crater in the scene from
the panoramic camera of nasa's mars
exploration rover opportunity
the scene merges multiple pan cam
exposures it spans from north
at the left to west southwest at the
right
the high point in the right half of the
scene is newton ridge which forms part
of the southern edge of marathon valley
portions of the northeastern and eastern
rim of endeavour crater appear on the
distant horizon
endeavour crater is 14 miles in diameter
the fractured texture of marathon
valley's floor is visible in the
foreground
stitched together from 116 images this
view captured by nasa's curiosity mars
rover shows the path it will take in the
summer of 2020 as it drives to the
sulfate bearing unit
the next layer it will be investigating
on the three-mile tall mount sharp
curiosity has to drive around a large
sand patch in order to reach a place
where it can ascend to the sulfate rich
region
the upper part of the mountain looms at
the top image
stitched together from 28 images this
view from nasa's curiosity mars rover
was captured on april 9
2020 after the rover ascended a steep
slope part of a geologic feature called
green hue pediment
in the foreground is the crusty
sandstone cap that stretches the length
of the pediment
forming an overhanging ledge in some
parts at center is the clay bearing unit
a region with a unique story to tell
about the history of water on mount
sharp
in the distance at the top of the image
is the floor of gale crater
which is 96 miles wide a view from the
kimberley formation on mars
the strata in the foreground dipped
towards the base of mount sharp
indicating flow of water toward a basin
that existed before the larger bulk of
the mountain formed
the colors are adjusted so that rocks
look approximately as they would if they
were on earth
to help geologists interpret the rocks
this white balancing to adjust for the
lighting on mars overly compensates for
the absence of blue on mars
making the sky appear light blue and
sometimes giving dark
black rocks a blue cast
hot is a rock outcrop on the surface of
eolis paulus
between peace palace and the illest mons
mount sharp
and gale crater on the planet mars the
outcrop was encountered by the curiosity
rover on the way from bradbury
landing to glenelg intrigue and was
named after hoda lake
the sixth largest lake in the northwest
territories canada
this image shows the umargosa valley on
the slopes leading up to mount sharp on
mars
the rover is headed toward the pahrump
hills outcrop seen above the scale bar
this area represents a boundary between
the plains of gale crater
named ils palus and the layered slopes
of mount sharp
orioles mons curiosity has recently
crossed into this terrain and now is on
the mount sharp side of the transition
zone
the masked camera on curiosity captured
this mosaic as it explored the clay
bearing unit on february 3
2019. this landscape includes the rocky
landmark nicknamed knock farrell hill in
the edge of vera rubin ridge
which runs along the top of the scene
made of many individual images
this mosaic includes a variety of
geological features
such as several kinds of bedrock and
sand the clay bearing unit has been an
important scientific destination since
before curiosity launched
two sizes of wind-sculpted ripples are
evident in this view of the top surface
of a martian sand dune
sand dunes and the smaller type of
ripples also exist on earth
the larger ripples roughly 10 feet 3
meters
apart are a type not seen on earth nor
previously recognized as a distinct type
on mars
the larger ripples have distinctive
sinuous crest lines
compared to the smaller ripples the
location is part of namib dune in the
bagnold dune field
which forms a dark band along the
northwestern flank of mount sharp
the dark band in the lower portion of
this martian scene is part of the
bagnall dunes dune field lining the
northwestern edge of mount sharp
inside gale crater the view combines
multiple images taken with the mass
cam's right eye camera
which has a telephoto lens the view is
towards south south
east curiosity will visit examples of
the bagnold dunes on the rover's route
to higher layers of mount sharp
the informal name for the dune field is
a tribute to british military engineer
ralph bagnold
a pioneer in the study of how winds move
sand particles of dunes on earth
[Music]
this look back at a dune that nasa's
curiosity mars rover drove across was
taken by the rover's mass camera during
the 538th martian day
the rover had driven over the dune three
days earlier for scale
the distance between the parallel wheel
tracks is about nine feet
the dune is about three feet tall in the
middle of its span across an opening
called dingo gap
this view is looking eastward
this mosaic of images from curiosity
shows a series of sedimentary deposits
in the glenelgaria gale crater
from a perspective in yellowknife bay
looking toward west northwest
curiosity's science team has estimated
that the cumberland rock that the rover
drilled for a sample of the sheepd
mudstone deposit has been exposed at the
surface for only about 80 million years
the estimate is based on amounts of
certain gases that accumulate in a rock
when it is close enough to the surface
to be bombarded by cosmic rays
an explanation for that unexpectedly
young exposure age comes from improved
understanding of how the layers are
eroding to expose underlying layers
the explanation proposes that the
mudstone is being exposed by abrasion by
windblown sand
indicated by arrows the role for wind is
strongly suggested by the undercutting
of the sheep
layer below the gillespie lake sandstone
sandstone layers with varying resistance
to erosion are evident in this martian
scene
recorded by the mastcam's left eye
camera shortly before midday of the
553rd martian day
of the rover's work on mars the location
is about one-quarter mile north
northwest of a planned waypoint called
the kimberley
by straight-line distance longer by
driving distance
this image from the mars hand lens
imager camera on nasa's curiosity mars
rover shows the first sample collection
hole drilled in mount sharp
the layered mountain that is the science
destination of the rover's extended
mission
the hole is 0.63 inch in diameter and
about 2.6 inches deep
at a target called confidence hills on
the parum pills outcrop at the base of
the mountain
[Music]
this close-up image is of a two-inch
deep hole produced using a new drilling
technique for nasa's curiosity rover
the hole is about 0.6 inches in diameter
this image was taken by curiosity's mass
camera on salt 2057
this view shows a dark mound called
ireson hill
which rises about 16 feet above red or
layered out crop material on lower mount
sharp
mars near a location where curiosity
examined a linear sand dune in february
2017.
nasa's mars exploration rover
opportunity studied layers in the burns
cliff slope of endurance crater
the layers show different types of
deposition of sulfate rich sediments
opportunities panoramic camera recorded
this image
this low-angle self-portrait of nasa's
curiosity mars rover shows the vehicle
above the buckskin rock target
where the mission collected its seventh
drilled sample the site is in the
maria's pass area of lower mount sharp
[Music]
you