Hi, this is Doctor Centeno and I'd
like to go over how to read your knee MRI.
I got the idea for this when a friend had a knee injury,
got an MRI, was sent home with the CD,
and just jumped on the internet to try
to figure out how to read it.
And I'm sure there are a lot of people that do that.
So, my goal here today is not to teach somebody
how to become a radiology expert.
Or how to read more information off the MRI
then they might get from a doctor's opinion
or a radiologist's reading.
But just to give you some idea about what
to look at and educate you about your knee.
So, an MRI is a 3-D picture that slices
the knee in three planes, sagittal, coronal, and axial.
And if you look at that, the sagittal plane, as shown here,
is a saw you in half view from the side.
So, sort of a side view.
The axial plane is a traditional saw you in half type view.
And the coronal plane is from the front.
So, for a knee MRI an axial view would look
like this off to the left here.
A sagittal view like this.
And a coronal view like that.
So again, top down on axial, sagittal from the side,
coronal from the front.
And again, as you look through an MRI
you have to understand that you're
looking at slices of an image.
So, you have to get a sense that you're
looking from front to back, or left to right,
and you're looking at individual slices
as you march across the structure.
This is what a knee looks like.
So, the major structures, you have the femur bone up top.
We have cartilage on the end of that femur bone
and on the top of the tibia bone.
We've got the knee meniscus, which acts as a shock absorber.
There are the middle ligaments, the ACL and PCL.
And then the side ligaments.
And then the kneecap, or patella.
So, those are the major structures
that we'll look at today.
So, now let's read an image.
And I'm going to just click out of this for a second here.
This is a patient who actually allowed her image
to be used for this.
I want to give her credit for allowing me to do that.
So, you see here, I'm in the MRI program.
Up here you can see that we have different types of images.
And there are different types of MRI programs.
But here we have an axial image, and then a side image, and then
some front images.
So, let's start with-- and I'm going
to drag this down here one.
One of the coronal or front images.
And it starts from the front-- and I'm
going to just quickly march through the whole thing here
to the middle.
And that's about the middle of this image.
So, what do we see here?
We see up top the femur bone, on the bottom
the tibia bone, and this little dark triangle
in here and this triangle out here, those are the meniscus.
So, these are the shock absorbers
and they look like this dark little triangle
on both types of images.
And so, what do you notice here?
You can also see the grey.
So, you've got this darker color here, which is the bone.
And then the lighter color, which is
the cartilage on the very end.
Now, realize there are two kinds of front or coronal images
here.
This one where water is bright, also called the fat sat.
And then I'm going to go to this one, where the bone is light
now.
The cartilage is dark, the meniscus
is about that same dark color.
So, let's read a little bit here.
Go back to this other image and we just focus right here
on this meniscus.
So, if I blow this up a little bit--
let's get it a bit bigger than that.
I'm going to see here that this triangle, right here, is
the meniscus.
This is the inside meniscus, that's the outside meniscus.
And as I marched through, I want you to focus right here.
And we're going to see that this meniscus has
a little white area in it.
And this meniscus remains dark.
This is the inside or medial meniscus.
This is the outside, or lateral meniscus.
The inside meniscus has a little white area in it,
and that's a tear.
You can see that you don't see that in the lateral meniscus.
You can also see that this grey cartilage layer here looks
a little ratty.
Meaning it isn't uniform in how grey it is,
which indicates some problems in the cartilage.
In the middle here you're seeing the ACL ligament,
as I scroll through these.
Out here the fibula.
And that's how you know it's the lateral or the outside.
So, that's the front image.
And in this particular patient she
has a little benign tumor on the bone
here, which is what this is.
So, that's the front image.
Now let's look at the side image,
just to give you a quick sense of that.
So, on the side image, as we march across,
this one starts from the inside to the outside.
We see some of the pes anserine tendons coming across here.
And we see a lot of this white stuff.
This white stuff in this darker fat sat type sequence is fluid.
So, this is a swelling or this is a fusion
around the inside of the knee.
We also see the meniscus.
These triangles are the meniscus.
This is the back meniscus, this is the front meniscus
on the inside.
And again, you can see this light color
in the meniscus, which indicates that there's a bit of a tear.
And as we go towards the very middle
you're going to see more fluid in the back.
This would be defined as a Baker's cyst.
As we go through the middle you're
going to start to pick up the middle, or mid-line ligaments.
You're going to see the patella up front, or the kneecap.
This is the kneecap tendon.
You're going to see this is the PCL, or the posterior cruciate
ligament.
Next you're going to see the ACL, as we go across,
or the anterior cruciate ligament, going
at this 45 degree angle.
And you see cartilage on the end of the bone
here, this light stuff.
And as we go over to the lateral side,
we're going to start to pick up the meniscus again,
these triangles.
And again we see those triangles right there coming in.
We see the light stuff on the end, which is the cartilage.
The dark area, which is the bone.
And then eventually we'll pick up the fibula bone.
And now we'll finish up with just a quick look
at the top down, or the axial view.
And with the top down, or axial view,
one of the first things we notice as we go through it
is we have up top here the kneecap.
And the kneecap sits in a groove.
And really for your purposes, that's
really the only thing that's going to be
important about this image.
Now this particular patient has a very shallow groove.
Your groove is probably deeper than this.
But this patient has a very shallow groove.
So, this kneecap doesn't sit-in a really firm groove
and is probably going to move around a lot on this patient.
You're going to see here the lighter bone
in this particular sequence.
And then the darker cartilage.
So, I think we'll end there for right now.
There's just a quick overview of how to look at your MRI
and what structures you're looking at.
If you have any other needs or information
that you want I would go to regenexx.com, www.regenexx.com.
And thanks for listening today.