I need your help.
I'm launching some new coffee shops and I need help designing the networks.
I need a Subnetting expert. That's you, right?
If you watched episodes one through six of our series,
you no longer suck at subnetting, right? Actually,
this might be kind of a test for you cuz this is real world and honestly I'm not
sure if you can do it reverse psychology. I think you can do it, but not really.
But here's the scenario right now I have this network,
ten one point one zero slash 24.
We need to break this up and subnet it to cover these three coffee shops.
But here's the kicker.
I'm not just saying give me three networks out of the subnet.
Now I need you to subnet based on how many hosts we have in each network.
This is different. A bit real world. Let's see if you can do it.
Now here's what we need. Each coffee shop has five employees, one server,
two raspberry pies because it's a network. Chuck coffee shop,
what do you expect? Two wireless access points or WPS and up to 20 guests.
And if we do the math,
so we got about 30 hosts and let's give us some wiggle room. Say about 40 hosts.
So 40 hosts or 40 IP addresses per coffee shop. So go ahead do it,
see if you can do it. Pause the video Unpass.
So 40 host or IP addresses per coffee shop. How do you do that?
Because it is a bit different, right?
In the previous episode we did it based on how many networks we need.
This is kind of flipping it upside down. So if you're like, uh, Chuck,
I'm not sure it's okay, we're gonna walk through it. Get your coffee ready,
fuel up, and let's do this.
Now the good news is that whether you're summiting based on host or network
requirements is pretty much the same with one pretty big difference.
But you'll see it's not that hard,
especially when we use our good friend Nora too and his amazing chart. Nora,
help us out. Give us our chart. Now Subnetting, as you may recall,
is all about the subnet mask.
Right now our subnet mask is 2 55 dot two five dot two 50 five.zero and dotted
decimal notation. It's this mask that we're going to mess with,
manipulate or subnet it to make our new networks. But before we can do that,
we do need no ssu. We gotta convert this thing into binary. Let's do that now.
No straw too. Help us out.
And this right here is our subnet mask and binary.
So now that we have our subnet mask in the matrix code that computers love,
we can allocate our steps to subnet based on host requirements.
Now this might look familiar cuz it's almost identical to Subnetting based on
network requirements with one key change and I haven't changed it yet.
I'll show you in a second. But the first thing is we want to use our Nora two.
What is that? Oh, of course you forgot about Nora's brother, Nora two, Nora two,
give us our chart, man, help us out.
Nora two's chart is exactly like Nora two's chart, except it's double.
Each number is times two. Simple but powerful. Watch a word he can help with.
He's gonna help us figure out how many host bits we need to hack.
Host bits being the zeros and our subnet mask.
Whereas the ones are our network bits.
Network bits tell you about the network host spits tell you about the host,
how big and how many essentially. All right, no two, help us out.
We need 40 host or IP addresses on each network. The number's 40,
let's take that down to our Nora two chart and find a number that can contain 40
addresses. 32, no, not enough, that's smaller than 40. But 64.
Hey that's gonna work. And that's where we are on the Nora two chart.
Here's how we find out how many host bits we have to hack.
Starting from the right,
we're gonna see how many host bits it took us to get to 64.
Keeping in mind that each one of these numbers here represents a bit. So we got
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
It took us six bits on the nose fraud two chart and that's exactly how many host
bits we're gonna have to hack. Now for step two,
we're going to hack the host bits, but this is where it's different.
This time we're going to the upside down. We're gonna flip things over.
You see from our previous episode,
if we wanted to subnet based on network requirements,
we would try to hack the host bits starting from the left and start taking 'em
out. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. But not with subnetting based on host requirements.
We're gonna flip, reverse it, it'll reverse car.
We're gonna start from the right and we're gonna go this way.
Or depending on the camera angle. This way I never know probably this way,
right? Yeah. Now because we're in the upside down,
we're not actually going to hack the bits. Scratch that.
We're going to save the bits, post bits.
This is from you.
Or reserve them. So starting from right to left, here's what I'm talking about.
We're gonna say, okay, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
We need those six host bits. We're saving 'em. Don't touch 'em, leave 'em alone,
. And then anything else, we're gonna go ahead and let 'em get hacked.
We reserved our six. That's all we had room for.
That's all our boat could carry. We're gonna hack the rest.
The rest of the host bits are now on the other team.
They're now in network bits.
Now really that's the only difference between network and host requirements is
that second step the upside down. Next we'll find our increment,
which you may recall from the previous episode will be the last network bit we
have. So excellent. Let me draw this new mask out because it's a bit messy.
So here it is, nice and clean.
And the last network bit will be our increment according to the nose fortu
chart. So let's actually put him on the nose fortu chart real quick.
It's lay him out. So 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.
That last network bit right here represents 64 and 64.
I don't know why I made that noise Editor,
can you replace that with something else? Thanks.
64 is our increment and if you recall,
it's that number we'll use to create our networks. It's how big they are.
And you also may recall that it kind of matches up with our nose fraud to chart
when we're figuring out how many host bits we have to hack,
probably gonna match every time. But I don't want you to get lost.
Just follow these four steps until you become extremely comfortable with it.
Then you can start to hack your own process.
But always refer back to this if you get a little lost or if you wanna make sure
it's actually like really right now hold up, let's take a quick coffee break.
Subnetting is kind of hard. We need more coffee. Quick sip.
Now this coffee break is sponsored by IP Royal and what they do is pretty cool.
So we all have IP addresses, right?
Like you have one right now on the internet cuz you're watching me.
But here's the problem. You only have one IP address, only one.
But for most things is not a big deal. For example, watching a video.
But if you wanna do some cool things like, I don't know,
web scraping using code to automatically check sites like Amazon Best Buy or
whatever, trying to find the new video cards that are coming out, 40,
90 or a PS five or whatever. Actually you may be watching this,
there's a PS six out here chart.
I'm jealous actually I probably already have one cause I'm using IP Royal. See,
IP Royal is a proxy and they're super useful for things like web scraping.
So when you're trying to constantly ping Amazon,
scrape their websites and see what content is there all the time to see if
there's something available in stock or if you're trying to scrape Twitter or
TikTok, trying to get information, get data,
whether you're a person or a company or maybe you're a hacker and you're trying
to get information osen or whatever, a lot of these processes are automated,
they happen a lot. And because of that, your one IP address you have,
you end up getting blocked. That's where a proxy comes in. Like IP Royal,
IP Royal.
You can send your stuff through their proxies and they anonymize you and give
you a different public IP address. Now,
proxies are amazing cuz they do also anonymize.
You keep companies from tracking you and all that stuff.
They have those benefits. But I know for a lot of you,
you're trying to script some cool things. Maybe you're using Escapee,
a Python library to scrape different sites. You can be blocked,
your IP can be banned.
So using a proxy service like IP Royal will prevent that from happening.
And you can keep switching IP addresses, one gets blocked, try another one,
maybe go through a few of 'em. And again, getting back to the hacking example,
I made a video on something called proxy chains, which is how hackers,
ethical Hackers is the only type I allow on my channel.
If you're the other kind, just go.
Don't call me, don't come by my house. We're done.
It's what allows hackers to stay anonymous by going through a proxy.
And sure there are some free ones out there, but are they even up?
Are they fast? Are they tracking you? You don't know.
So if you wanna do some cool stuff, hacking, scraping, whatever,
or if you just wanna stay anonymous, check out IP Royal. And if you use my code,
what's the code again? Oh Chuck, it's just Chuck. Easy for me to remember. Um,
music code Chuck.
And you'll get a 30% discount on their residential proxies and make sure you use
it before the deal expires. I'm not sure when it expires, they didn't tell me.
So just like use it soon. And yeah,
that was our coffee break thanks to IP Royal. Let's get back to 'em.
So we got our increment, let's create our networks.
We're starting with 10.1 0.10.
Our increment is 64. So it's gonna go to
ten one, one sixty three remember
because it is including zero.
And that right there is our subnet for the first coffee shop.
We needed 40 host 40 IP addresses. And 64 pretty much covers that, right?
Keeping in mind the network address,
the first address in the network and the broadcast address,
the last address in the network are reserved.
So we have 62 available addresses. Let's create the rest. All we need are three.
Picking up where we uh left off,
it'll be 64 through 1 27, right? Two down,
one to go 10.1 1 28 through
1 91. And right there are our three networks. The hold up,
what's the subnet mass? Now if you look back at our work from earlier,
we've got that sucker sitting in binary. But what it in decimal,
let's real quick convert the sucker into decimal format because we're done
talking to computers. Now we gotta talk to humans. Now just from practice,
we know that all ones will equal 2 55.
So we know that first three octets are 2, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5.
It's the fourth one we have to figure out. It's pretty easy.
Those frock two help us out. The first two bits are on, the rest are off.
And all we have to do is add the bits that are on together. So 1 28 plus 64,
what's that? Give us calculator help. That's 1 92, right? It is indeed 1 92.
And that's the dotted decimal notation.
So our new mask and decimal would look just like this,
but what about cider Notation that slash number we get like up here we have
slash 24. That's actually not too bad.
All you gotta do is count the number of network bits. That's simple.
Here we have 8, 16, 24 and then we count the extras
25, 26. So we have a slash 26 network.
So if I were to hand these networks out to my coffee shops saying, Hey,
network admin at the coffee shop, yes, it's network shop coffee.
Every single coffee shop has their own network admin. Do we need it? Yes.
Thought just going through that, here are the three networks, 10.110 slash
twenty six, ten one one sixty four slash 26
and ten one one one twenty eight slash 26.
Now what you just did there was real world,
you helped me subnet and address my coffee shop networks.
And this is what you'll probably see more commonly when you're given a a problem
to solve when it comes to subnetting.
Now at this point you do have the process down. And again,
it wasn't really different from subnetting based on network requirements,
just a slight little change going to the upside down.
But now you had that skill and let's test it. I have one more example for you.
I'm gonna let you do this yourself. Try it out.
Now I built a network here inside Boon NetSim,
which Boon has the best network simulator out there.
If you wanna get your ccna CCMP or whatever.
And they are the official sponsor of the CCNA series. They're amazing.
So I built this network inside NetSim, which is web-based. Now it's amazing.
You can do it anywhere from anywhere. So here's the scenario.
You're an IS P or internet service provider.
You have five customers who need at least 20 static ips,
public ips. Here's your network.
1 42 0.200 slash 16. Now you're an isp. Don't go crazy,
don't give them too many addresses. The idea here is conserve. Now go ahead,
cut it up, pause the video, un pause, let's see how you did.
Now even though this is a class B address,
it'll be easy as long as we have our friends. Nora too. And Nora too.
It's gonna be cheese. Let's do it. Slash 16 going from cider to decimal.
We'll look like this. And with a little help from Nora too,
this is how it looks. And binary who, that's a lot of host bits.
Speaking of host bits, let's figure out how many we have to hack Step one.
We need at least 20 IP addresses, 20 hosts.
So looking at our nose for ah two chart,
which of these numbers can contain 20 addresses? Well, it can be 16, but hey,
32 is looking pretty good. It's gonna be 32.
How many bits did it take us to get to 32?
1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
We'll have to hack five host bits. But hold up upside down.
We're not hacking 'em, we're gonna reserve them. Uno, reverse car.
Starting from right, going left. We're gonna save our bits.
We need 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 host bits.
Those are ours. We're saving them. Network.
You can have the rest we don't even want them. And the network, it's hungry,
man. It wants all of them. It's gonna hack 'em all.
Notice we still are hacking host bits. We just care about who gets hacked.
And if we clean that up a bit, this is our new subnet mask and binary.
All right, we hack the host bits. Now let's find our increment.
Increment is the last network bit we have. It's this guy right here.
And if we throw that octet on the nose raw two chart,
we can see that our increment is 32. And again,
kind of a callback to our nose for raw too chart.
So now let's create our networks.
The first one will be 1 42 0.200 through
1 42, 2 0 31.
And I'm pretty sure you can do the rest.
That's just counting at the end of the day. So go ahead.
And there's our networks. Now again,
we forgot to convert the binary subject mask into decimal.
Let's do that real quick. We know all ones will be 2 55.
The fourth octet is weird. So we'll look at him,
put him on the nose for all two chart.
All the bits that are turned on will add together.
So 1 28 plus 64 plus 32,
which with a little math gives us 2 24. And then inside that's pretty easy too.
We got
8, 16, 24, 25, 26, 27.
We got a slash 27. And here's the final diagram.
Each network will have how many addresses? 32,
giving them 30 usable addresses. Welden the range of them needing 20.
And it gives us room for growth. We have a lot more networks we can make.
We could add a lot more customers. Now if you got this right, first try,
that's amazing. And if you didn't, that's okay.
Subnetting is a skill that you need to practice over and over and over to get
pretty good at it. And if you're like me,
you forget every year or so and you have to come back and relearn it.
And by the way, you do need the practice and I've got some for you.
Check the link below and sign up for my academy, the Network, Chuck Academy.
And I've got tons of extra practice for you.
Now let me give you a peek into our next episode and let's see if you can even
do this. You may not have to watch the next episode and that's fine,
but I think you might because you're pretty awesome at subnetting.
Like you don't suck anymore. But this one will make you feel like it.
Bozone has a pretty great question. And their XM max,
which is also all web-based now, which I stink and love, it's amazing.
Look at this question here.
Given a host IP address of 48 5 4 71
slash 21, what is the broadcast address for the Subnetwork?
Now this is weird because you're kind of given everything,
but you have to almost reverse engineer it, right? Do you know the answer?
Can you figure this out? If you can't, I'll see you in the next episode.
Which by the way, if you're watching this on YouTube, it may not be out yet,
but it is already out on the Network Shock Academy. Again, link below.