bjbj{P{P Your Sailing Environment Safety and Rules In this training video you will learn
about your sailing environment, safety afloat and basic rules. You will learn what to look
for as a sailing area, what conditions and areas to avoid, and how to gather weather
and tide information. You will see what clothing to wear, as well as how to be towed by a safety
boat. We ll also give you simple rules explanations. You ll see graphical representations of simple
situations and we ll explain which is the give way vessel. Firstly, always wear a buoyancy
aid or lifejacket if you are either on or near the water, and you should never sail
alone. You must understand your ability level and respect the elements. Do not sail if the
wind is strong until you have learned the basics on fair weather days. There is a recognized
wind measurement scale. This is called the beaufort scale. The blocks in the middle indicate
the wind force strengths. You should limit your sailing to winds up to force 3 or 4.
As your experience grows you ll be able to cope with stronger winds. These flag shots
indicate fair weather winds, and the water looks like this. This is an ideal wind condition
to learn in. This flag indicates very rough weather, you can see the flag is flapping
violently, and this is what the water looked like on the same day. If faced with this situation
you must not go afloat. Do not sail in a thunderstorm, the mast is an excellent lightening conductor.
If one arrives when you re afloat you must return to shore. Before you go afloat you
must obtain a good weather forecast for your area, and if on the sea the times of the next
high water. Information on both of these points is generally available on line, in local media,
or even on a mobile phone application. Tide times are important to understand. The direction
and speed the current flows varies depending on the time of high water, and can exceed
your boat speed sweeping you out to sea if the wind drops. Tidal currents get particularly
strong at harbour entrances and headlands, so avoid sailing in these areas. We assume
that your boat is in a seaworthy condition and watertight. If you are in doubt you must
get the boat checked by a professional. s a good idea to carry a paddle on board which
you can use if the wind drops, a long piece of rope to be used if you need to be towed.
You should carry a sponge and a bailer, and a small anchor like this is a good idea as
it will help to hold the boat in position if the wind drops. Make sure that any loose
items are tied on so that you don t lose them if you capsize. Your boat should have at least
two buoyancy tanks to keep you afloat. They are designed that should one become holed
the boat will still float. The buoyancy tanks form the main body of the hull that you sit
on, with an additional tank at the bow of the boat. Drainage holes are fitted at the
back of the boat to allow you to drain any water that may collect in the buoyancy tanks
while sailing. These holes are secured with bungs, which must be fitted before you go
afloat. The boat won t sink if you don t fit the bungs, but it will fill with water and
be very difficult to steer if you don You should never sail alone, only sail in an area
where somebody could come and assist you in the event of you getting into difficulties.
A deserted and quiet beach may look an inviting area to learn in peace and quiet, but there
is probably a good reason as to why no other boats are there. Strong tides and currents
may exist, hazardous shipping may operate, unexposed rocks and sandbanks may also be
a problem. You must choose a location where other boats are sailing. Sailing clubs are
the perfect choice. What you wear is also very important. You must wear clothing to
suit the climate in your particular situation, whether this be hot or cold. You must always
wear a personal buoyancy aid or life jacket at all times when in the boat or near the
water. A buoyancy aid is generally accepted as the most suitable for dinghy sailing as
these jackets allow easy body movement and will keep you afloat. However because of the
design, you will not float face up if you are knocked unconscious. A lifejacket is the
alternative, but these are cumbersome to wear aboard a dinghy. You must wear your buoyancy
aid tightly so that you do not fall out of it when you fall in the water. And it s important
to wear it as the outermost garment to allow somebody to grab hold of it easily to help
pull you back aboard after a capsize. Some people opt to wear safety helmets to protect
them from bangs usually from the boom. Ropes can burn your hands if you let them slide
through your fingers. Gloves are therefore a good idea. If it s cold, you should wear
a hat. We recommend that you use footwear with non slip soles. Clothing made from man
made fibres are ideally suited for sailing, as these types of fabric still offer warmth
when wet, and they dry quickly. You should avoid cotton or wool based clothing like jeans
or heavy wool sweaters as these are heavy and uncomfortable to wear when they are wet,
and take a long time to dry. To help keep you warm waterproof tops are a good idea to
keep the wind off. Waterproof trousers keep the wind and spray off your legs while sailing,
and also help to keep you warm. However if there is the likelihood of a capsize wetsuits
are a good idea especially if the weather is cool. Be careful of the sun s rays. The
ultraviolet light will reflect off the surface of the water, and the wind will cool exposed
skin. This will mask the burning feeling. Be particularly careful on days when the sun
is hazy. It will still burn you. Apply sun cream to exposed areas and also take it afloat
with you. You should also take something to drink. If you need to attract the safety boat
s attention, make large arm movements like this. If you need to be towed ashore, the
safety boat crew will instruct you on what to do, but with the sails lowered the crew
should take the tow rope from the safety boat and wrap it completely around the mast like
this, and hold it tight. Do not tie this off. Raise the centreboard. The safety crew will
then secure the tow rope. As the slack in the tow rope is taken up, the helmsman then
steers to follow the safety boat. Near the shore let go of the tow rope. And use your
paddle for the last little bit. If you need to be towed while sailing a single hander,
wrap the tow rope completely around the mast and hold it in one hand, and steer the boat
with the other. Remove or fully raise the centreboard. If one person falls overboard
in a two hander, immediately the man goes overboard the other person checks their position
and takes control of the helm. Tack around and sail below the man overboard and approach
on a close reach. Let the sails flap to control your speed, stopping by the man overboard.
Help them aboard and sail away. Now let s look at rules. Rules are there for everyone
s safety. We ll show you the basic rules you need to be aware of, but you need to be aware
that theses rules are only a small part of a lengthy international publication called
International Regulations for Prevention of Collisions at Sea, and includes rules for
heavy commercial shipping. As a dinghy sailor you need to only be aware of the most basic
rules but if you plan to race, further rules will also apply which are beyond the scope
of this video. When afloat the priority of all vessels is to avoid a collision and any
incident, so you must keep a good look out at all times whilst sailing and be prepared
to take avoiding action in good time. Don t forget to look under the boom as well as
behind your back as boats can come at you from any angle. Be aware that the wind may
restrict your ability to hear the sounds of approaching vessels, and sailing boats in
particular can be hard to hear. In most situations sail has priority over power boats, and they
should keep out of your way, but you must keep out of the way of large commercial shipping
or fishing vessels. They are often constrained by their draught or their manoeuvrability.
You must also keep out of the way of any man powered vessels like rowing boats. Any point
of sailing where the wind is on the left hand side of the boat is called port tack, and
is the give way tack and is marked in red. Any point of sailing where the wind on the
right hand side of the boat is called starboard tack, which is the stand on tack marked in
green. You must familiarize yourself with what point of sailing and what tack you are
on at all times, as this has a direct bearing on whether you are the give way vessel or
not. If you are the boat on starboard, you can alert your position to oncoming traffic
by shouting loudly STARBOARD. But you must be prepared to take avoiding action if the
boat on port does not respond. s take a look at some practical examples. Here both boats
are on close hauled point of sailing. The boat in red is on port tack and is the give
way vessel. The green boat is on starboard and is the stand on vessel. The red boat must
avoid the green boat by either steering behind the starboard boat, or, tacking onto starboard
tack to match the green boat and sail alongside it. The same rule applies if you are sailing
with the wind behind you. Once again the boat in red is on port so should avoid the boat
in green which is sailing on starboard. The red boat has the choice of turning behind
the green boat, or gybing onto starboard to sail alongside the green boat. s now look
at when a close hauled boat meets a boat sailing away from the wind. The red boat is close
hauled but sailing on port, so should avoid the green boat that is on a dead run on starboard.
As before the red boat must keep out of the way by either tacking out of the way like
this, or turning to steer behind the green boat. s look at this in reverse. Here it s
the boat that s sailing away from the wind that is on port tack (marked in red) and the
other boat sailing close hauled is on starboard. Once again the red boat must avoid the green
boat by either steering behind it, or turning onto the opposite gybe to sail clear. Here
we see two boats sailing on port. In this situation it s the boat that has the wind
behind it sailing down the screen that s the give way vessel so must take avoiding action.
And steers behind the close hauled boat to keep clear. Now let s look at what happens
when overtaking. Here the overtaking boat must keep clear at all times, by either sailing
well to the windward side, or by turning underneath and sailing well to the leeward side. s look
at boats on converging courses. In this situation it s the boat that s on the windward side
that is the give way vessel, and must adjust its course to avoid a collision. Or steer
behind the other vessel. The rules we ve just illustrated are the most common and most basic.
Please be aware that other situations do exist, and if in doubt keep clear of other vessels
to avoid collisions well in advance. Key Learning Points Understand your level of ability. Respect
the elements Always wear a personal buoyancy aid Never sail alone Understand the tide times
and weather forecast Make sure your boat is seaworthy Wear clothing to suit your particular
environment The wind can mask the power of the sun s rays, you should use sun cream to
protect exposed skin areas. Rules are there for everyone s safety. You must know what
tack you are on to understand who is the give way vessel in any particular situation. In
general the boat on port tack is the give way vessel and must take avoiding action.
You must keep a good look out at all times and be prepared to take immediate avoiding
action, even if you appear to be in the right. Next Steps Watch this video as many times
as is necessary to get a good understanding of what to be aware of with your sailing environment
and rules afloat. Use the script and glossary to support your understanding. Familiarise
yourself with websites that will give you information about the weather and tides in
the area that you may sail in, so that you get used to reading and interpreting the information
in different conditions from day to day. Practise being able to read the wind strength by fluttering
flags and ripples on the water. And understand the basic rules of the road and avoid collisions.
Glossary Boom - A horizontal spar attached to the mast that supports the mainsail Bow
- The forward end of a boat Buoyancy Tanks - Sealed tanks in the hull of dinghies that
contain buoyancy to support the boat Centreboard - A large plate that pivots and retracts inside
the boat, used to prevent sideways slip (called leeway) particularly when sailing close hauled
Close Hauled - The point of sailing required to sail as close as possible to the wind.
This is the edge of the no go zone Close Reach - Steering off a close-hauled course by approximately
20 degrees Dead run - Point of sailing where the boat is sailing with the wind directly
behind Drainage bungs - Small close fitting plugs inserted into drainage ports on the
buoyancy tanks Gybe (gybing) - To change course from one side of the wind to the other, sailing
downwind. Helm - Steering apparatus Helmsman - Person steering the boat, applies to both
male and female Leeward - The side of the boat or pontoon opposite to where the wind
is blowing from Mast - A vertical spar or pole that holds the sails in position Point
of sailing - Any direction of sailing Port Side - The left side of the boat when looking
forwards. Port tack - Any point of sailing with the wind on the left hand side Starboard
- The right hand side of the boat Starboard tack - Any point of sailing with the wind
on the right hand side Tack - The manoeuvre used to alter direction by turning across
the wind, the bow goes from one side of the no go zone to the other. Or the lower front
corner of a sail Windward - Towards the wind PAGE PAGE m\m\m\mKm\mKmKm hb?B gxgxgxg h,S[
h5)9 wfwUw h;X[ h;X[ h;X[ h,S[ gdvb gdvb xtxtxtxtjdjd`jdj hQr3 hQr3 &`#$ hQr3 Sailing is a great outdoor
pursuit that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and abilities Tim Hore Normal penny Microsoft
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