Never mind about the Egyptians, pyramids, giant stone heads and Mayan societies, what’s
the deal with Stonehenge?
Welcome to WatchMojo’s Top 5 Facts and in today’s installment, we’re going to be
counting down the Top 5 nuggets of knowledge about Stonehenge.
A structure that has inspired and featured in books, films, TV shows and many a lecture
on possible sacrificial séances, Stonehenge is one of the greatest mysteries of Britain.
Sure, it carries an endless list of myths and theories, but what do we actually know
for certain?
Okay, so it’s hardly a cosy place in the cotswolds.
Nevertheless, Stonehenge has been a desirable asset for years, changing hands many times.
One owner in the early 1900s, Sir Edmund Antrobus, was the first to charge an admission fee for
visitors - and although asked many times, refused to sell the property to the British
Government.
Ultimately, following a death in the Antrobus family in 1915, Stonehenge and its accompanying
land went to the auction block and a local barrister, Mr Cecil Chubb, snatched it up
for £6,600 - which is around £600,000 in today’s money.
Legend has it, he bought it as a gift for his wife.
But she mustn't been too keen because just three years later Chubb generously donated
it to the Government - and the government knighted him to say thank you.
You may have heard rumours about what happens on the surface of the Stonehenge site, but
what about beneath it?
Well, archaeologists have discovered thousands of bones in numerous pits around the site
which belonged to almost 100 different people, who are thought to have been buried there
during the late Neolithic and copper age.
But these weren't just ordinary people.
According to research, only the elite were buried at Stonehenge, and they weren't just
locals, many of them were from all over the world.
One of the most interesting things about these remains is that they were almost half men,
half women - which gives great insight into equality between the sexes all those years
ago.
Nowadays, we take accessing information via things like Google, TV and books for granted.
But back in Medieval times, a lot of what you learnt would have been from word of mouth,
including fictitious and non-fictitious stories.
Naturally, this made for a few tall tales.
One of these was Geoffrey of Monmouth’s story of Merlin and Stonehenge.
The story goes that Merlin, on a quest from king Aurelius Ambrosius, travelled to Ireland
to retrieve healing stones from a circular rock formation called The Giant’s Ring.
These were then brought back to England and Stonehenge was erected in honour of the hundreds
of Britons slayed by the saxons.
With this being one of the earliest depictions of Stonehenge in literature, it was widely
regarded to be true, along with a lot of Geoffrey’s other work which was loosely based on real-life
people, stories and locations.
No they didn’t use a shrink ray, it’s actually much cooler than that.
Essentially, earthworms live beneath the ground and eat soil - and once it has passed through
them and they’ve got all the nutrients they need, they excrete the remains, known as worm
cast, above the soil in little mounds.
This results is the surface level actually rising, which in effect makes whatever is
on the surface - like stones - sink.
This little gem of knowledge came from Charles Darwin back in the 1800s, and he stated that
the surface of the soil at Stonehenge increases around 0.2 inches a year.
To put that in perspective, that would mean the surface of the soil would rise 20 inches
every 100 years.
So it may only be a matter of time until they’re gone… well, a few thousand years, but still.
The big, archway-like stones are of course the most famous and recognisable at Stonehenge,
but what about the numerous other surrounding stones?
Well, unlike the larger stones which are thought to have been sourced locally, the 80, smaller
surrounding stones, known as bluestones, can actually be traced back to the Preseli Hills
- which by the way, is around 150 miles away in Wales.
Exactly how these two tonne stones were transported is a little unclear, with one theory suggesting
it had something to do with glacial movements.
A more rock solid theory however, pardon the pun, suggests that they were brought from
Wales via boats or rafts.
If that is true though, it still begs the question, why go through the effort to source
stones from so far away?