I was only four years old
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
for the very first time in her life.
That was a great day for my mother.
My mother and father had been saving money for years
to be able to buy that machine,
and the first day it was going to be used,
even Grandma was invited to see the machine.
(Laughter)
And Grandma was even more excited.
Throughout her life, she had been heating water with firewood,
and she had hand-washed laundry for seven children.
And now, she was going to watch electricity do that work.
My mother carefully opened the door,
and she loaded the laundry into the machine,
like this.
And then, when she closed the door,
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no!
Let me! Let me push the button!"
(Laughter)
And Grandma pushed the button,
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
I want to see this! Give me a chair! Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
and she sat down in front of the machine,
and she watched the entire washing program.
(Laughter)
She was mesmerized.
To my grandmother, the washing machine was a miracle.
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
people are using so many different machines.
Look -- the homes are full of machines.
I can't even name them all.
And they also, when they want to travel,
they use flying machines
that can take them to remote destinations.
And yet, in the world,
there are so many people who still heat the water on fire,
and they cook their food on fire.
Sometimes they don't even have enough food.
And they live below the poverty line.
There are two billion fellow human beings
who live on less than two dollars a day.
And the richest people over there -- there's one billion people,
and they live above what I call the "air line" --
(Laughter)
because they spend more than 80 dollars a day
on their consumption.
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
and obviously, there are seven billion people in the world,
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
They have electricity,
but the question is: How many have washing machines?
I've done the scrutiny of market data, and I've found that, indeed,
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
and today, there's an additional one billion people out there
who live above the "wash line."
(Laughter)
And they consume for more than 40 dollars per day.
So two billion have access to washing machines.
And the remaining five billion --
how do they wash?
Or, to be more precise,
how do most of the women in the world wash?
Because it remains the hard work for women to wash.
They wash like this: by hand.
It's hard, time-consuming labor,
which they have to do for hours every week.
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
to do the laundry at home,
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
And they want the washing machine.
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
doing this hard work
with so relatively low productivity.
And there's nothing different in their wish
than it was for my grandma.
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
picking water from the stream,
heating with firewood and washing like that.
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
But when I lecture to environmentally concerned students,
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
How can we tell this woman
that she isn't going to have a washing machine?
And then I ask my students -- over the last two years, I've asked --
"How many of you don't use a car?"
And some of them proudly raise their hand and say, "I don't use a car."
And then I put the really tough question:
"How many of you hand-wash your jeans and your bedsheets?"
And no one raised their hand.
Even the hardcore in the green movement use washing machines.
(Laughter)
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
and they think others will not stop it?
What is special with this?
I had to do an analysis about the energy use in the world.
Here we are.
Look here. You see the seven billion people up there?
The air people, the wash people,
the bulb people and the fire people.
One unit like this
is an energy unit of fossil fuel -- oil, coal or gas.
That's what most of the electricity and the energy in the world is.
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world population.
And these ones, who have washing machines
but not a house full of other machines,
they use two.
This group uses three, one each.
And they also have electricity.
And over there, they don't even use one each.
That makes 12 of them.
But the main concern
for the environmentally interested students -- and they are right --
is about the future.
What are the trends?
If we just prolong the trends, without any real advanced analysis,
to 2050,
there are two things that can increase the energy use:
first, population growth; second, economic growth.
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here,
because they have high child mortality
and they have many children per woman.
And that will get you two extra,
but that won't change the energy use very much.
What will happen is economic growth.
The best of here in the emerging economies --
I call them "the New East" --
they will jump the air line.
"Wopp!" they will say.
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
(Laughter)
And these people, they want the washing machine.
I told you. They'll go there.
And they will double their energy use.
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
But the total energy consumption will increase to 22 units.
And these 22 units --
still, the richest people use most of them.
So what needs to be done?
Because the risk,
the high probability of climate change is real.
It's real.
Of course, they must be more energy efficient.
They must change their behavior in some way.
They must also start to produce green energy,
much more green energy.
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
they shouldn't give advice to others --
what to do and what not to do.
(Laughter)
(Applause)
Here, we can get more green energy all over.
This is what we hope might happen.
It's a real challenge in the future.
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
she wants a washing machine.
She's very happy about her minister of energy
that provided electricity to everyone --
so happy that she even voted for her.
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
the president-elect of one of the biggest democracies in the world,
moving from minister of energy to president.
If you have democracy, people will vote for washing machines.
They love them!
(Laughter)
And what's the magic with them?
My mother explained the magic with this machine
the very, very first day.
She said, "Now, Hans.
We have loaded the laundry.
The machine will make the work.
And now we can go to the library."
Because this is the magic: you load the laundry,
and what do you get out of the machine?
You get books out of the machines,
children's books.
And mother got time to read for me.
She loved this.
I got the "ABC's" -- this is why I started my career as a professor,
when my mother had time to read for me.
And she also got books for herself.
She managed to study English and learn that as a foreign language.
And she read so many novels,
so many different novels here.
And we really, we really loved this machine.
(Laughter)
And what we said, my mother and me,
"Thank you, industrialization.
Thank you, steel mill.
Thank you, power station.
And thank you, chemical processing industry
that gave us time to read books."
Thank you very much.
(Laughter)
(Applause)