you can only do that switch once don't do that switch twice
completes video two in our four-part series about visual
here, we have gone through creating our segments. So, if
the shorter chromosomes are not as many recombination points in
do is come down here to this last part. A and C. They are
the maroon that switches or whether it is the teal that
a switch on this other side so these are going to remain
this orange right in here. And now I'm going to go and put the
chromosomes. So this bottom one is going to be teal.
them but once you get into the longer chromosomes there's
you're not going to be able to solve it and again it's because
switches at either one of these points but let me clean that up
if they are opposite colors then I know that the red has to
going to see in the next video is some ways you can actually
phasing. In the first video, we talked about getting started
switches and likewise on the B person I don't know which one
one I've done that, I'm ready to start filling in some other
be the maroon in here for B and I know that this has to be the
Whereas B and C, they have to have both colors. So, they're
is mostly complete. Like I said, there's a few little
this other end remember I can only switch once so I can't do
four grandparents but we don't know which color corresponds
together, one of those chromosomes switched the blue
going to be able to fill up. Looking at this I can see that
think about where we might want to switch it. Again, as with
part. So let me go over to my orange. And I'm going to put
related to each other but those two recombination points happen
So that allows me to solve that end of it now if I go back to
the beginning, we want to get as much information as possible
to be pretty close together. Now the other thing I want to
you like this video, give it a thumbs up and share it with all
so if I switch one of these colors I can fill in everything
unsolved because at this point of A I don't know whether it's
use some other people to help solve these other areas. That
it doesn't work you can only do that switch once and what we're
solve all of the high number chromosomes so in other words
you have any questions about creating segments, then, put it
But up till now like I've mentioned we don't know which
in the comments below and I'll try to answer it for you and if
anything else because they're symmetrical. But what we're
and setting up your visual phasing. In the second video
may get less of this done in our initial look. Let me clean
areas that we weren't able to solve and you may find that as
gotten just with the initial coloring and this looks like
yet. We just know where the segments are and segmenting now
things so for instance now I can go back to this little
the same. So it's going to be orange and blue on this last
fill in all of this orange
skinny sliver where A and B are red they're opposite colors so
colors because it's yellow and then again, they have the blue.
can actually go through the whole thing and see that. Now,
going to be some areas and in some cases some big areas where
and I can draw this orange all the way to the end. But that
change this top one to orange and I'm going to be able to
this purple all the way to the end
with which grandparent and we don't know which chromosome of
you're going through a set of chromosomes you'll be able to
the pair corresponds with the paternal or the maternal side
different colors and again, these four colors represent our
through and we've painted everything that we can with
teal right in here.
for you so that is now what our segments look like. We've gone
to the purple and then shortly, the other chromosome happened
is A and C are the same except I don't know what C is right
orange and the other is changing to purple at each of
purple. So I'm going to change this to my purple.
And you can see that because I have those two B's right
orange and in this area, it's going to be orange So it's a
to switch and this is just by chance. Again, these two aren't
same because it's a yellow. Well, A and B have that blue in
and B, they have to have at least one of those colors the
this segment the same. A and C also have to have one of those
still both maroon and blue. So, this is all matching up and you
Now again I said just change one segment not both of the
done this or you haven't done it that's why I like to get
So now I have an orange and teal all throughout here. So,
in this area right here so let me do that I'm going to go and
and so usually I look for where is the biggest gap that I'm
this as complete as possible with just the greens and the
reds and then do your switch and again you can only switch
one is the maternal which one is the maternal. So maroon and
hey at this recombination point A there's no other As over here
let's take a look at how that matches up. So, with A and C, A
point it doesn't really matter because we haven't assigned
orange could be paternal. And teal and purple could be
chromosome make sure you understand that you've either
it once so let's just take a look at this in general and
recombination point and we're going to switch it and that's
going to lock in what the rest of our solution is going to be
maternal. Or it could be the other way around. And at this
now we can only do this once so whenever you're doing a
you may get more than this done just in our initial look or you
grandfather yet. All we know is that there separate segments.
it's about half done. Now, depending on the chromosome,
segments are. Now, again, we don't know which one is the
there the next segment there's a B there ah look there's a C
within those which one is the grandmother than the
going to do is we're going to choose one segment and one
there go to the next segment there's a B there there's a B
tells me nothing about A and C yet. So, this is where I've
segment there is an A and then there is another A at the end
of it so I can't change that go to the B there's a B right
understand and it's because it's not really that intuitive.
Step number four is a difficult one for some people to
I'm going to use orange and purple so let me change this to
try to solve that and then I go to this next last one and this
there's an A right there so I can't change that in this next
there's a B and a B there so one of these is changing to
there because I don't know what it is. But you can see that
here now I want to go and I want to look and see what I can
maternal and which one is the maternal and we don't know
that up just a bit. So, we can start to see how some of these
a no match region and so I need to change the colors for B and
those locations I just don't know which one yet I'm going to
But I haven't filled in that little skinny area in between
that one the purple.
to the next one I can see B and C this is a red region this is
there so I can actually extend this segment out I can draw
is right there and I don't know what A is right there but I get
extend out so starting again for person A I can see that hey
separate color. And in the bottom one I'm going to make
the same in the next section as well. So, I'm going to color
take a look at it and choose what's going to give you the
three we're going to use the full match regions and the no
the right or the left until you hit the next recombination
and those reds let's look at one print before we start
and let me go and get my teal and color the bottom one as
And A and C they're yellow in this area so I don't know what
because I really need to see what C is I don't know what B
right here
next on A and C is this segment right here and so I can color
and I'm going to color this in maroon and B and C happen to be
area because A and C are the same colors so you can see A
these recombination points and so as we're creating the
this teal and I can color it actually goes extends out to
wondering, well, what segment should I assign and where
out and I can go and get the maroon colored in that same
there you can see that's between A and A so it extends
are creating segments is that segments can only switch
location and assign the segments. Now, you may be
that maroon there. Now, I'll go in and color my teal and that's
this out so I'm going to start with from the far left going to
start and just color in the maroon and these first little
That's where the next B is. So that's going to be all colored
colors is different but then I get to this next part and this
want to assign our other segments based on those greens
is where B and C is the same and it goes all the way down to
bits are all the same. So, I'm going to color this in maroon
everything all the way across. Now again a you wanted to start
a green and then B and C well that's a green right there so
A and B that are different so I'm not going to worry about it
you've colored one of those segments you can extend it to
color they are next is this little skinny bit and it's just
well.
the right and I have a maroon and a teal and so I'm going to
is my teal. So, you can see A and C right there. We call that
with B or with A, that's fine but let me just show you real
extended to the next recombination point so once
match regions that would be the green and the red and we
going to be right below that. So, there's my teal and there
made up of grandmother and grandfather segments. Okay? So
I don't know which one is different but one of those two
near as much information as what I'm seeing with the C
had started with A, then, you know, I might fill in this area
coloring is that those segments they're always going to be
each chromosome, not chromosome pair but each chromosome is
should I start and honestly, it doesn't really matter. You can
to pick the place where I'm going to see the solved right
to get the different parts of it regardless of where you
paternal. So, I've done that for A and I can do that same
one of those recombination points so for instance if I'm
a couple of those segments and then, I'd be able to change the
choosing the C and so that's why I say usually you want to
right here and you can see that A stops right there. So, I get
next video actually going to assign those segments to
so if I pick something to the left of that then that entire
just looking at right here with the C it's all the way at the
where a C shows up. So, step two is you want to pick a
color down below to the teal and you can see that it's not
blue. So a maroon and a blue and you can see I've filled in
segment's going to be the same. I'm just going to use colours
to actually represent this. And I'll use four different
point for that person remember we assign people to each one of
up here in just a second and C. So, each one of these bars
away. So looking at this I can see that recombination point C
and C A and C down here now B and C it's just yellow there so
represents a chromosome pair and I have them divided out
that's probably more advantageous. Usually, I like
in mind as we're going forward because we're eventually in the
segments it can only go from a grandmother to grandfather at
of these segments is the grandparents for the maternal
quick what that B or that A might have looked like. If I
segment that goes all the way to the beginning of the
or the paternal side but those are principles we need to keep
those two chromosomes for each person how do we do this and
end well that means C it's going to have a big long
point for that person let's go through this as we are drawing
each other. They don't interact with each other for this. Your
start for the most part now that leads us to step number
it out for you just to show what it might be and I'll try
different people. Now, principle number three as we
chromosome pair is made up of a maternal and a paternal
most to start out with but in the end you're going to be able
grandparents segments have to stay separate. And I mentioned
maternal chromosome it represents your maternal
segments for six different chromosomes2 chromosomes for
that already one. So I'm just going to mention it again so
paternal and the maternal chromosomes are not related to
grandfather and your maternal grandmother. Now because the
grandfather and your paternal grandmother. And on your
and the black bars there are representing the different
clean that up just a bit. So, that looks a lot better and
segments are. Now, I said on principle number one that each
table on here that then overlaps where these different
chromosomes for person A, person B, and person C. Let me
into two chromosomes. So, you can see that the pink lines go
chromosome and that leads us to principle number two is that
again, if you're using a spreadsheet or a word document
actually pick anywhere to start. Now, there's some places
as easy as drawing on paper so my lines aren't totally
chromosome no matter what because there's no other place
straight but that's the beauty of this is I'll straighten this
grandmother. That just can't happen because they're on
or even a PowerPoint file, then, you're just creating a
through and they identify different segments along that
each pair of people from this we're actually going to create
colours. So in this case I've got a maroon and I've got a
at the end of the chromosome. There's only one of those. And
between grandmother and grandfather at a recombination
don't know which one of these bars represents the maternal
that you don't get confused. Now at this point we still
that's going to be one for the maternal and one for the
side and the paternal side and we certainly don't know which
chromosome and a paternal chromosome. Those chromosomes
you can Create a table that has that. If you're doing it by
start and end right along with these other chromosomes. So,
segments is that every chromosome pair has a maternal
on your paternal chromosome it represents your paternal
use a little table on there if you're using word or PowerPoint
separate chromosomes. So, while we are looking at one graph for
how you will draw it if you're using Excel then you can just
each person so step one is let's draw a table that has
again depending on what you're using that's going to depend on
thing for B and you know, drawing on the computer is not
here I've drawn one bar and I'm going to divide it in half. So,
is where they change from one color to a next and we have
at one chromosome. So, remember that you want to go back and
hand, you can actually just draw it out. I'm going to draw
are separate from each other and they don't intermix. So,
to keep the lines as straight as possible but we're going to
for instance, you're not going to have a segment of your
maternal grandmother right next to a segment of your maternal
ready to create our segments. The first principle of creating
that's what those letters along the bottom are so we are now
is the second video in a series about visual phasing and there
assigned those recombination points to a specific person and
we've identified each one of the recombination points which
you understand your DNA, climb your family tree, and write the
setting up your visual phasing this is where we left off we
DNA. Be sure to subscribe to our channel and click on that
bell if you want to be notified about upcoming episodes. This
review that video then there will be a link in the
will be a total of four videos. Now, in the first video, we
went through the basic setup process and we're just looking
description below that you can review the first step of
have our comparison with other people we have gone through and story of your ancestors along the way. This is a segment of
Are you ready to create some segments? Well, let's use
your friends.
visual phasing and create some segments today.
Howdy, I'm Andy Lee with Family History Fanatics where we help