hi there my name is kayleigh and this lesson is all about the different states
matter takes let's get going in the lesson what is matter
we learned that materials that are solids liquids or gases are made out of
matter and matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules
matter can exist in different states we will study the main three solid liquid
and gas solids are made up of matter with a specific shape and volume we know
their solids because they hold their shape regardless of what type of
container we put them in solids act the way they do because the atoms and
molecules that make up their matter are held tightly in place they can barely
move liquids are made up of matter with a specific volume but no specific shape
we know they are liquids because they can flow and they will take the shape of
any container liquids are able to flow and change their shape because their
atoms and molecules are not fixed they can slide past each other gases are made
up of matter with no specific volume or shape gases will take up as much space
as they can filling any container gases are able to change their shape and their
volume because their atoms and molecules move freely and quickly we can change
the state that matter is in this is called a transition a transition is when
a substance changes from one state to another like a chocolate bar turning
into a chocolate puddle if left out in the Sun there are four types of
transitions the first one we will talk about is melting melting happens when
heat is applied to a solid and it transitions to a liquid
like icicles which are made of solid ice melting into liquid water as the day
warms up the next transition is freezing freezing happens when extremely cold
temperatures are applied to a liquid and it transitions to a solid as you can see
here this liquid soap bubble becomes a solid in the freezing temperatures
evaporation is another transition evaporation happens when heat is applied
to a liquid and it transitions to a gas the broth and the soup evaporates into
steam when put on the stove to boil it's important to mention though that you
can't actually see the steam
condensation is the last transition condensation happens when cold
temperatures are applied to a gas and it transitions to a liquid condensation
happens when clouds full of water vapor are cooled to their dew point and
produce rain now that we know about the fourth transition let's see what the
particles look like in each state let's jump into a Phet game here we are in the
Phet game called states of matter basics and we're in the first game called
States just to show you around here's our container here's our atoms or
molecules you can choose of these different atoms or molecules over here
and then we also have a heat lever here that I can drag this blue bar up to make
it warmer or down to make it colder and then I can also choose one of these here
to automatically put the temperature that would make my atoms be in the state
of solid liquid or gas so let's just play around with this neon atom we can
we know that it's an atom and not a molecule because it's just one they're
not bonded together so I'm gonna click on the solid button just to get started
so here we have a solid they keep their shape and they have consistent volume so
what happens to a solid if I add some heat so if I raise up my bar and I warm
it up what does it look like happened they're moving around more they're
taking up more space overall it looks like they're kind of taking up the shape
on the bottom here this kit would give me the impression that I've melted my
solid neon into a liquid with a few particles that are acting like a gas
now what if I click on the liquid so this is what neon would look like as a
liquid so either I can heat my liquid and it would evaporate into a gas or I
can make it colder and freeze my liquid into a solid let's see what happens if I
cool it so if I add some ice so now I'm doing my freezing so it looks like now
they're all stuck in this new weird shape now what happened if I had neon
gas click the gas here my temperature is the highest here it looks like they're
really moving around so for my gas now what happens if I cool my gas this is
like the rain example I'm bringing the neon temperature down and the gas will
transition back into a liquid or condensate so it looks like they're kind
of starting to fall back down I'll release my heat here and there they are
all down at the bottom now and if I give them a little extra heat nice liquid
neon great so now you get to try on your own you should try it out with argon ad
an oxygen molecule o2 or water h2o great job studying the different states of
matter for different substances you can also watch our video called states of
water to learn more about the transitions of the h2o molecule have fun
trying out the Phet simulation on your own and doing the at home lab and
remember to always be clever