1800 year old woman statue Archaeologists in the Turkish province of
Izmir have unearthed a statue of a woman estimated to be 1,800 years old.
The ministry noted that the statue was found in the Torbaly district on the site where
the ancient city of Metropolis was previously located.
At the same time, excavations have been underway in this area for several years, which should
continue.
In July 2020, archaeologists discovered a 1,700-year-old statue of a woman from the
Hellenistic period in the ancient city of Perge, now part of the Turkish province of
Antalya.
It was noted that the statue consists of two parts: a broken off head and a torso.
Ruins of the largest church in medieval Nubia Polish archaeologists have discovered the
ruins of a church that by all indications is the largest church in medieval Nubia.
The ruins of the church were discovered in the city of Dongole, archaeological excavations
have been conducted there since 1965, but after some time they were suspended.
Only in 2018, with a grant from the European Research Council, they were continued again.
Since the beginning of the excavation, archaeologists have discovered many different artifacts,
which were transferred to the National Museum in Warsaw.
Scientists were sure that everything they could, they found and dug up there, in principle,
there should not have been new discoveries and data about this city.
But this did not stop Polish archaeologists, they were able to make a new unique discovery
that can make scientists take a fresh look not only at the city itself, but also at the
history of the Nubian church.
They unearthed the wall of the apse with the adjoining wall of the brick temple.
Among other things, they managed to discover and excavate the dome of the tomb, which is
located in the very center of the city.
The walls of the apse were considered one of the most sacred places of the church, therefore
they were decorated with monumental figures in two rows.
The diameter of the apse is about 6 meters, and the width of the nearby church is about
27 meters.
This apse, according to scientists, is the largest that has been discovered in Nubia
to date.
Scientists suggest that the church they discovered could be a cathedral, next to which a necropolis
was built for church dignitaries, most likely for local bishops.
However, scientists have a lot of work ahead of them before they can find answers to their
questions.
Science has no doubt about the realness of Jesus Christ
“He left people for heaven,” the Orthodox say today, celebrating the feast of the Ascension
of the Lord.
If for believers the historicity of Christ is undeniable, then among scientists this
causes fierce controversy.
In recent years, more and more researchers who are far from religion have declared: Jesus
really lived in Palestine in the 1st century.
The "mythological Jesus" theory prevailed for decades.
It was especially loved in the Soviet Union, having adopted it as the main instrument of
propaganda of state atheism.
Dozens of scholars have cited fairly convincing facts that Christ is a figment of the collective
imagination.
But everything was changed by the find, which the Bedouins drew attention to in the Judean
Desert.
On a November day in 1946, the teenager Mohamed ed-Dhib, along with his brothers, was looking
for a sheep that had strayed from the flock.
Usually, in such cases, the first thing to do is inspect the nearby caves, which they
did.
In one of the stones lay a jug.
The children, of course, got interested.
They looked inside - and found pieces of half-rotted parchment, which crumbled at the first attempt
to pull it out.
It turns out that the hidden inside the manuscript belonged to the Jewish sect of the Essenes,
previously unknown to science.
But what especially surprised the specialists was that the letters were painfully similar
to those of the Gospel: in some places they were almost repeated verbatim.
In 1961, archaeologists unearthed a slab showing that Pontius Pilate, who sentenced the Savior
to death, is a real historical figure.
Then they found a house of the 1st century AD with scrawled inscriptions mentioning Jesus
and the Apostle Peter.
However, scientists have not come across any finds directly related to Jesus.
Historians believe this is impossible: how to prove that this or that object belonged
to him?
Therefore, experts are looking for it in the documents.
First of all, written by the hand of those who do not profess Christianity, in order
to observe the principle of impartiality of research.
The first written evidence, according to scientists, appeared only 30-40 years after the death
of Christ.
For a remote Roman province, where only ten percent of the population knew literacy, the
speed is quite phenomenal.
We are talking about the Gospel of Mark - one of the four recognized by the Church.
For a long time it was believed that it was composed in 80 AD.
However, recent studies have shown that this happened even earlier, around the 50th.
Other gospels - Matthew, John and Luke - appeared a little later.
And, surprisingly, they were composed independently of each other: each evangelism has its own
audience (and they are in different languages).
However, the information about Jesus in them is generally identical.
The ideal woman of the late Paleolithic For a long time, scientists could not say
for sure what exactly the “Paleolithic Venuses” symbolized.
The versions were different: it could be talismans bringing good luck, amulets and even erotic
figurines.
The most common theory was that these are figurines of the mother goddess, who was worshiped
by people of the Paleolithic era, her image can be traced in all world mythologies.
She symbolized procreation and fertility.
Recent studies have proven that, after all, "Venus" depicts what an ideal woman should
look like in the eyes of people from the Paleolithic era.
Moreover, depending on where the ancient people lived, these ideas were somewhat different.
Experts from the University of Colorado have analyzed dozens of "Venus" and came to the
conclusion that the figures are too realistically carved: "Venus" are either pregnant or obese.
In their opinion, they cannot simply be symbols of the mother goddess.
The oldest figurines are thinner than the later Venus.
This is due to the fact that the climate during the Late Paleolithic period changed and became
colder, and the coldest period began in about 25-17 millennia BC.
But the "Venus of the Paleolithic" were not just a temporary amulet: most likely, they
were passed down from generation to generation, from mother to daughter.
Many of them have holes, apparently, they were worn around their necks as amulets.
Fresco depicting the spider god In November last year, in the north of Peru,
archaeologists managed to find a rock fresco that was at least 3,000 years old.
But only recently scientists were able to identify it, in their opinion, this drawing
depicting the "spider-god" belonged to one of the peoples of the pre-Columbian era - Kupiznik.
Scientists have also found that a fresco adorned one of the walls of an ancient adobe temple.
On the frescoes, scientists were able to see the image of a zoomorphic spider god with
a knife in his paw, this creature was considered a deity that was associated with the early
cult of rain and fertility.
Now traces of yellow, white and gray paint remain on the fresco, however, scientists
believe that the original drawing was made with bright and multi-colored paints, ocher
was also used.
The archaeologists who discovered this fresco are sure that a large complex was once located
on this site, but, unfortunately, they were late.
Farmers used heavy machinery to expand the plantations, and they destroyed, according
to scientists, more than 60% of this monument.
Now this place is taken under the protection of the authorities and all the necessary actions
will be taken to preserve the archaeological site.
Whether any action was taken against the farmers is unknown.
The most expensive antiques in auction history Saber of Napoleon
It didn't matter what kind of battle lay ahead - Bonaparte stuck to his habit of always having
a pistol and a saber in his personal arsenal.
The latter was made exclusively for Napoleon, so there is only one such exhibit in the world.
It is known that at the battle of Marengo Bonaparte kept a saber decorated with gold.
In 1800, the Austrians were expelled from the Italian lands.
This exhibit has preserved the echoes of history.
It was passed down within the Bonaparte family from generation to generation.
In 1978, the saber was recognized as a national treasure of France.
About thirty years later, the historic piece was auctioned for $ 6.5 million.
Battle Horn Oliphant The ancient exhibit was made from elephant
ivory.
It is decorated with elaborate carved illustrations on the theme of hunting.
Today there are only 6 examples of such historical value.
One oliphant was sold for $ 16.1 million at a Scandinavian auction.
Ming Gold Tripod The tripod, made of pure gold, belonged to
the Ming dynasty.
This is another exhibit that has managed to reach our time.
It was used in the court of Emperor Xuande, who ruled in 1399.
In 2008, the gold tripod was sold for $ 14.8 million.
Tiara inlaid with precious stones The tiara has a distinctive feature - the
presence of expensive Colombian emeralds and yellow-green diamonds in its jewelry.
The magnificent exhibit belonged to the German Princess Katharina Henkel von Donnersmark.
The jewelry contains more than five hundred carats.
The legend says that the stones belonged to the Indian maharaja.
The tiara wandered in some hands, then in others, but Guido Henkel von Donnersmarck
found it and bought it back.
However, in 2011, it left the auction for $ 12.1 million.
Silver tureen of Louis XV The Sotheby's auction also sold a silver tureen
for $ 10,287,500.
In 1733, it was made personally for Louis XV.
This item was miraculously able to bypass the remelting.
It left the auction in 1996.
The final price of the silver tureen was able to far exceed the initial price.
Cache of Viking gold jewelry Seven bracelets - six gold and one silver
- dating from 900 AD were found on a field in Jutland by treasure hunters known as Team
Rainbow Power.
The 900g find came from the same deposit where the 67g Viking Age gold chain was discovered
in 1911, and experts believe it was most likely part of the same collection.
The heaviest previous find of this kind weighed 750 g.
One of the archaeologists involved in the excavation, Marie Agaard Larsen, said: “We
really felt like we found gold at the end of the rainbow when we found the first ring,
but when more appeared, it was almost unrealistic.”
Lars Grundvad of the Senderskov Museum, who was called by a group of amateurs halfway
to the opening, said that all this time he had a suspicion that more gems were hidden
in the area.
The museum has described some of the gold items as being made in the "Jelly" style,
a variety associated with the Viking elite.
According to Peter Penz, a Viking expert and curator at the Danish National Museum, the
bracelets were most likely "oath rings" that tribal leaders gave to their faithful aides.
Tureen with 300 years of history The bottom is practically absent - the base
cannot be restored.
But the archaeologist and restorer Roman Prokhorov has already "conjured" over the rupture of
the side part in the workshop of the Central Research Center of the Russian Geographical
Society.
The details are soldered so that the old pan will definitely not fall apart.
The process of conservation turned out to be laborious.
The soup tureen corroded, and conservation allowed to stop the seemingly irreversible
destruction.
Traces of corrosion were also found on the lid, but to a much lesser extent.
In general, the lid is better preserved.
The tureen was created from a tin-lead alloy.
Tin utensils have been common for quite some time.
It replaced lead products.
However, lead is toxic.
In ancient Rome, for example, they did not know about its poisonous properties and actively
used it.
As a result, they were poisoned and died.
Industrial production of tin started already in the Middle Ages.
So there were bowls, plates and spoons made of a tin-lead alloy, which no longer threatened
health and, at the same time, was distinguished by its strength.
Declassified gold artifacts in the Tuvan Valley of the Kings
Back in 2019, dozens of ancient gold jewelry were discovered on the territory of the so-called
Valley of the Kings in Tuva, but archaeologists kept information about the finds secret.
Archaeologists discovered gold objects during excavations of the Tunnug-1 mound in the Valley
of the Kings - noble Scythians were once buried here.
The finds have been identified as the tangible heritage of the nomadic Kokel culture.
"Among the most significant finds is a rich grave goods found in the grave of a woman
who died at the age of 25-30.
The grave dates back to the period between the first and fourth centuries AD.
We found the remains of a wooden coffin and sixty-five (!) Gold objects - in in particular,
a unique spiral made of gold foil, which was used for the burial ritual.
" In addition to gold jewelry, bronze mirrors
from China were found in the mound, as well as some other interesting objects.
As the head of the archaeological expedition, Timur Sadykov, noted, the Kokel culture left
behind burial structures of various types, therefore, each new such discovery allows
filling certain scientific gaps.
Two Vikings met after a thousand years A large-scale genetic study of the remains
of Vikings throughout Europe helped to shed light not only on the ethnic origin of the
legendary warriors, but also to find close relatives among them.
Employees of the Danish National Museum organized a meeting of two warriors, whom geneticists
consider to be second-level relatives.
A young Viking who died in battle in Britain and a 50-year-old arthritis resident of the
island of Funen in Denmark met 1000 years later in one showcase.
DNA mapping of the remains of 442 Vikings throughout Europe, in addition to answering
questions about their ethnic origin and directions of migration, revealed relatives among the
warriors.
In Estonia, in the mass grave of Salme, 4 brothers were found among the remains of 41
people.
And a Viking buried in a mass grave in Oxford had a close relative in Denmark.
They could be cousins ​​or uncle and nephew to each other.
It is difficult to say whether they could have met during their lifetime, since the
level of dating accuracy allows for a deviation of plus or minus 50 years.
Archaeologist Jeanette Varberg, curator of the exhibition at the National Museum of Denmark,
spoke about the amazing meeting of Vikings who turned out to be the closest relatives.
A Danish Viking from Oxford was taken to the Danish Museum to participate in an exhibition
that will last three years.
The warriors, whose genetics proved a second level kinship connection 1000 years after
death, were placed side by side in the same showcase.
"The Book of the Zagreb Mummy" The Zagreb Linen Book is known as the longest
text in the Etruscan language from the surviving written monuments of this great culture.
The Etruscan dialect had a noticeable influence on the formation of Latin, but unfortunately,
languages ​​related to the Etruscan do not exist at the present time, in addition,
so few documents of that era have come down to us that it is not possible to completely
decipher the text of the "Book" - scientists were able to translate only a few its fragments.
From the currently known content of the "Book of the Zagreb Mummy" (another name for the
artifact), we can conclude that the document is a ritual calendar describing the subtleties
of the religious traditions of the Etruscans.
The book is dated to the 3rd century BC, so the very fact of its existence is unique - manuscripts
made of cloth, the ruthless Time, as a rule, destroys much earlier.
One of the reasons why the monument of Etruscan culture is now available for study is that
the material from the book was used to wrap one of the Egyptian mummies.
The "Zagreb Linen Book" was discovered on a mummy in a tomb near Alexandria in the middle
of the 19th century, but scientists for a long time did not pay attention to it, believing
that the mysterious writing on the fabric was made by the hand of an Egyptian.
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