Hey guys, welcome to Intellipaat. Python has witnessed a huge amount of
popularity in the field of web development, but now there is a new
programming language in the town called as Go language that is drawing a lot
of attention from web developers out there and giving a tougher competition
to Python. So, we help you to decide which
one to choose, we'll talk about the same, that is Python vs Go. So guys, before we
proceed forward, do subscribe to Intellipaat's YouTube channel so that you
never miss out on any upcoming videos. So, without wasting more time, let's have a
look at the agenda for this video. So we'll start off by understanding why to
learn 'Python' and why to learn 'Go.' Then we'll compare these programming
languages on the basis of their programming style, performance,
scalability, applications, execution, storage, libraries, syntax, and readability
of the code. We'll also have a short quiz at the end to recap what all you have
learned from this video. Make sure you put down your answers in the comment
section below. Also guys, if you want to become a professional Python developer,
then Intellipaat provides a Python certification course, full end-to-end
course. The link is given in the description box below. So, before any
further delays, let's get started. Guys, let us start our session by
discussing about why you should use Python and Go.
Launched in December 1989, Python is the third most popular programming language
of 2019. It is a general purpose and high-level programming language. Python
can be used for developing desktop GUI applications, websites, and web
applications, and many more. So, Python is a high-level programming language which
allows a user to focus on core functionality of application by taking
care of common programming tasks, and the most important point is Python's simple
syntax rules that further makes it easier for you to keep the code base
readable and application maintainable. Next is why to use Go? Go also known as
Golang for easy searching is a programming language maintained by
Google which was being launched in November 2009. Go is developed for ease
of programming and writing code which is an interpreted dynamically typed
language with the efficiency and safety of a statically typed compiled language.
It is not only easy to work with, but there are a lot of features which make
it popular. It does a lot of things that a statically typed language does,
such as picking up errors at compile time which is the feature of
a statically typed language, but it is there in Go language. Go can produce a
single binary which Python can also get, but Python will require a virtual
machine in order to execute, but Go does not. So again, Go wins on simplicity.
So now guys, let's move forward and discuss about the parameters based on
which we will make the differences between Python and Go. So, first and
foremost, we will discuss about the paradigm, next will be the performance,
scalability, concurrency, and parallelism, applications,
execution, storage, libraries, and in the end, syntax and readability of the code.
So guys, let's move forward and discuss about the first parameter, that is, the
paradigm. So Python is an object-oriented imperative, functional, and reflective language,
whereas Go is also procedural, functional, and concurrent, but not
object-oriented. So, now let's move forward and discuss about another
parameter, that is, the performance. So guys when we look at the performance of
Go and Python, we found that Go is extremely fast. So, Go language's
performance is similar to that of Java or C++ which are the fastest language
right now. So, you will be amazed to know that Go language is 40 times faster
than Python. So now guys, based on that, we look at the three most complex
problems which are Binary-Tree, Mandelbrot, and N-body, and then we will evaluate
on the basis of which language takes lead here. So guys, before proceeding
further, let's brief you about these three problems. First problem
that we have considered is a binary tree. A binary tree is a data structure
in which a record is linked to two successive records, usually referred to as the left
branch when greater and the right branch when
less than the previous record. So guys, the second problem is Mandelbrot. It
is a mathematics complex number topics problem which is the set of complex
numbers for which the function does not diverge
when iterated, that is, for which the sequence remains bounded in absolute
value. Last problem is the N-body problem. In physics, the N-body problem is
the problem of predicting the individual motions of group of celestial objects
interacting with each other gravitationally.
Solving this problem has been motivated by desire to understand the
motions of Sun, Moon, planets, and visible stars. So guys, now we will look at the
performance of a language when we run the code of these problems.
So, this will be your output in case of the binary trees in both Go
as well as Python. You will see that Python took 81.3
seconds and Go took 27.9 seconds. Here, the CPU
load taken by Go is quite heavier than the Python. So guys, even if you
look at the run time and the compilation time taken by Go vs Python, Go took
lesser time to compile the code and the Python took more time to compile the
code, that is 81.03 seconds. So guys, we can conclude out that
in case of binary trees, Go language's performance is far better than Python.
So here comes our second problem which is the Mandelbrot, and this is one
of the complex problems out there and after running this problem, the results
were in favor of, again, Go language. So guys, now if you look into this output over
here, Go language took 5.47 seconds to compile the code
and give the output, and in case of Python it took 284.36
seconds; isn't that quite frustrating? In case of memory,
Go language took quite lesser memories than Python. You can see here 31,104
in place of 52,412, and in case of other
factors also, it again lacks behind Go. So even in case of CPU load, you will see
that 99% in case of Go and 100% in case of Python, so that is
quite frustrating when it comes to such kind of complex programs.
Final problem is one of the toughest and complex problems which is the N-body
problem and when we run the code for N-body problem here, again, Go language
wins over Python. So mostly in every aspect, Go has upper hand over Python. You
can see again that the CPU load took by Go was of 0% and for
Python it was 29%. In case of compilation time also, it gave the
output in 21.25 seconds, and in case of Python it took
the compilation time of 774.34
seconds. So guys I believe the above three points are
enough to declare Go language as a winner in terms of performance measures,
isn't it. Now guys, let us move forward to our next parameter, that is, the
scalability. So, nowadays we look for building an application that is truly
scalable. So if applications will not be scalable,
it will cause loss to the business, isn't it. So Google developed Go language
keeping this very thing in mind that the main purpose of Go language was to help
developers at Google to solve problems which are at the scale of Google.
Go language has inbuilt support for concurrent process channeling, that is,
concurrency. On the other hand, python has a really hard time with concurrency, but
it can implement parallelism through threads. So, let us first understand the
difference between concurrency and the parallelism. So, the meaning of
concurrency is that an application is making progress on more than one task at
the same time, whereas parallelism means that an application splits this task
into smaller subtasks which can be processed in parallel, for instance, on
multiple CPUs at the exact same time. So guys, a language that inherently has
support for concurrency is the perfect language for big scalable programs. So
now guys, let's move forward and discuss about our next parameter, that is, the
applications. So, in this part, none of them is going to be a winner because
every language has been made for some purpose. So, we cannot say any specific
language as the winner. If you are working in the field of Data Analytics,
Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, and web development, then you will be
using Python this is because the great libraries that are available
in the Python that makes life in the set fields a whole lot easier. So guys,
when talking about Go language, which is mostly used for system programming,
and the reason behind it is that it supports the concurrency. It
has also found a generous amount of use and acceptance in the cloud computing
and cluster computing field. So now guys, let's move on to our next parameter
which is execution. Both Python and Go use an interpreter
and a compiler, respectively. Python is a dynamically
typed language, whereas Go is a statically typed language. What does a
statically typed language mean? We need to declare variable types
explicitly for the compiler, so even trivial bugs are caught really easily,
while in a dynamically typed language type interference is implemented by the
interpreter; hence, some bugs may remain. So guys it
happens mostly because interpreter sometimes interpret things incorrectly.
What I mean to say is that Python is a dynamically typed language
so it limits the programmer when he or she intends to build a really big
program, while Go can handle both types of programs.
Now let's have a quick glance at our next parameter, that is, the storage. So python
offers no memory management, whereas Go provides great memory management
which also comes in handy while running the complex problems which we have seen
above while comparing the performance of both the languages. So now let's
move to the next parameter, that is, the libraries. So guys, here Python wins over
Go because of the decent amount of libraries that are available here. So
packages like NumPy that help you with array handling and complex matrix
functions, TensorFlow and scikit-learn for Deep Learning, Open
CV for image processing, Pandas for data analysis, matplotlib for visualization,
and the list goes on. This is what Python is known for. Guys that
doesn't mean that Go language falls short here. So while the number may not
be as Python's but the usage of fields covered is almost the same;
they have insane libraries for web development, database handling,
concurrent programming, and encryption. So guys, moving on to the last parameter,
that is, syntax and readability of code. So code readability becomes a major
factor to be taken into consideration when working with the team on a project.
Python surely has a fantastic readability, but in Python there are
probably 10 different ways to say the same thing which normally leads to
confusion whenever code is big and all the people
working on the code are in large numbers. On the other hand, if you look at
Go, it comes with strict rules when it comes to programming. So, there are not
any unnecessary libraries to be imported nor unnecessary variables to be created.
So talking about the syntax, here Python wins as it has syntax like
English sentences which is easy to learn. On the other hand, Go language's syntax is
considerably less friendly to beginners. So here we have a code for some
calculation in case of Python as well as for Go. So as you can imagine
that how easier it would be to develop this type of code. In case of Go language,
the code is quite complex. You can easily compare and get an idea
that Python syntax is very easy as compared to Go language. So guys, these
were all the parameters based on which we had to compare Python and Go. So now
guys, you tell me, according to you which one of them is better, python or Go, and
why? We would gladly accept your responses. Now, I have a question for you. These two
codes shown in your screen are of Python and Go language, respectively. Can you
tell me that which one of them is dynamically typed and which one of them
is statically typed. Quick hint which I have already mentioned above that in
dynamically typed, you do not have to declare a variable by yourself, but in
statically typed you have to declare the variables. So, do let us know your answers
in the comment section below. So guys, I hope this video was helpful to you. If
you have any further queries, do let us know in the comment section below. We
will reach out to you at the earliest. So, thank you so much for watching this
video and giving us your precious time. See you again.