Such a long string of numbers that I think it's enough to label every atom in
the universe or something that. This one was very big numbers
at least in computer terms... probably physicists might disagree
the IP is the Internet Protocol
an IP number is... they are used as addresses. So these are used to let you get data
to a particular place, to a particular machine. That's the function of the IP address
IP addresses, in particular I'll do examples of IPv4, so this is the kind of "current internet"
It's called "Version 4"... I don't think versions 1 to 3 were ever
really deployed. It's been "Version 4" since the seventies.
So the sort of examples you might see this kind of thing: 128 . 243 . 35 . 9
so at one point that was the IP address of one of my computers here, I don't think it is currently
This is an IP address in what's called dotted quad notation so
you've got dots and you've got four bytes. Each of these numbers here will
be less or equal to 255. 255 is the biggest decimal number you can represent in a single
byte. You have this dotted quote notation and that will get turned into in my PE
pocket into just a series of bits
ok so i'm not going to try to do the binary or in my head but it's going to
be something I think that everybody will be kind of a hundred 2843 similarly your
way through 29 which would be 1001 ok so that's just gonna be this sequence of
bits is your IP address 94 address by putting that sequence of bits in the
right place at the start of your packet is going to get treated as a destination
address all the rout is on the path you imagine the internet is a sequence of
Reuters that are all connected in some means like this then if your packet
comes in here and its trying to get to some guy out here it's going to get to
this route here and not reaching out to make a decision which way to send it and
it's going to do that using the longest prefix match on the destination address
look it up in the table and decide should send it out of you know interface
a winter baby so the route is going to receive your data they're going to pull
off whatever the stuff on the front fitment
heads and so on might be they're going to get an IP packet which is gonna have
might be having some data following it and the head are they going to go look
at a particular location had see this sequence of bits then they're gonna look
that sequence of bits of in the table the entry that matches the best match
they can find ahsoka longest prefix match so the longest sequence from the
start or way back that just matches exactly those bits will . a particular
entry in the table and that entry in the table will say which network interfaces
should transmit are usually so he decides what these things are so these
numbers get assigned hierarchically so there's a body call Diana the internet
assigned numbers Authority I think I got that right
but baby this is a body which has administrative control over all these
numbers it will hand them out to the regional authorities there might be one
for Europe like 14 age-specific might want for north america and those bodies
will have the Mountie perhaps national authorities so might have actually UK
mind to united states is on and so this prefix here which was your first the
first 16 bits has been handed out the University not here so universally our
computers will typically be I don't know we have all the prefixes but certainly
many will be within that prefix so that means that any packet on the internet
that has that prefix at the beginning of an address in the destination address
field but eventually when its way towards our computer gotta get there are
a lot more computers in the world that can deal with surely there are now tazia
activated when so many for ya
now there are just one of the reasons ipv6 was perceived as having a great
benefit just the amount of addresses in it so ipv6 instead of being 32 bits so
full of ice is under 28 it's so it's just much bigger dresses 228 a very
large number
police in computer terms and one of the reasons ipv6 to the long time to kind of
take off was that essentially is quite the cost implications because you have
to upgrade the software in some cases probably the hardliners and results of
lots of the Reuters that live inside these networks and you had to get
software installed on you gotta get your home route is able to school this stuff
you gotta get all the software stacks network
protocol stacks on your devices to support this stuff so windows have to be
updated to support ipv6 example it has done for some time there but that was a
process that had to go from there was a new piece of software implementation
that you have to get right contested I kind of stuff bunch of services that
need to be upgraded to support ipv6 so for example the name translation service
dns is the protocol that you translate google com name into the IP address when
that was designed developed ipv4 with everything the only IP going and so that
whole DNS infrastructure have to be upgraded and updated to support this new
protocol so there's quite a lot of sort of not on effects of playfulness it's
not as simple as just saying what will have more bits of the address multiple
into that integrated services that have to also support that and I think the
amount of complexity that was there perhaps was surprising how expensive it
was to go through that process
it took longer to get ipv6 deployment expected the like I'm Andy that's still
kind of going on although it is starting to see significant deployment their
people have to come up with all the way to deal about when you got too many
machines and not enough addresses this is so that's where you get that data
network address translation we don't have enough addresses to record every
machine so what we can do is we can kind of faith in there