Im Nicholas Johnson, this is a Nikon D500 and were in the SPACEWAREHOUSE
Even though Im really new to videos and YouTube
Ive been a photographer all along.
I thought it would be a great way to both improve my videography skills, by editing THIS video
while I impart my knowledge of photography onto the world.
So my plan is to make a series of videos about
Starting with the three basic things youre going to want to learn first, to control, on your DSLR camera
And those are...
shutter speed literally being the amount of time
measured in seconds, that
your camera's sensor is exposed to the world.
Aperture being the size of the opening allowing light into your lens.
Lower F number on your camera means larger aperture.
So a lower F number means more light
ISO is just the sensitivity of the sensor in your camera
commonly called I.S.O. but it turns out ISO is just a word (a name)
ISO is the name of the company that made the international standard
even though its all capitalized which is really weird..
by turning up the ISO your pretty much compensating for the other two values.
by manipulating these three things, youre establishing the feeling of the picture.
youre choosing some of the characteristics that you want it to have
lets start with shutter speed
shutter speed, the number that you see on the back of your camera is representing
the number, in seconds, that your sensor is exposed to the world
Theres like a plastic little thing thats going to open up and close
thats not how it really even works
its actually like a curtain that has two parts
it goes like so and exposes an image that way
if its a quarter of a second its "fast shutter sound effect" and if its one second its "slower shutter sound effect"
Thats, shutter speed.
Heres an example, this is Grace!
Grace was on a zip line and she was moving really fast
if youre photographing someone in a really fast moving environment but you want them to look like they're frozen in time
you just have to have a really fast shutter speed
in a different instance, though
Lets say youre shooting a race car and you want to capture the FEELING OF SPEED
to get this feeling it helps to have the car be in focus the background to be blurred
as if its rushing by, because it is!
but if your shutter speed is really high, its going to freeze that background AND the car
and its going to look like its just parked on the straightaway.
so if you turn your shutter speed down to something like 1/100
and then you pan with the car when you take the picture
and if you manage to do it just right, and you'll have to try a bunch of times especially if youre new at it
the car is going to be lining up with the speed of your camera
so it is going to be in focus but the background is going to be blurred because of the amount of time the shutter was open
also, in video, a fast shutter speed to a slow shutter speed
actually Im using a faster shutter speed now
so the difference between this, my hands moving like this...
and this, my hands moving like this
where my hands are a little blurred out
and the motion probably looks more natural, more... film like.
thats not what Im going for though..
With shutter speed, youre controlling motion blur
or allowing more or less light in, depending on how long your shutter is open.
In here the aperture is the little fins that open up to make more or less light come through
one of the main things you are controlling with aperture
is the blurry background
by having a wide open aperture, which means the lowest F number on your camera
Youre going to shrink down the 'depth of field'
The space in this direction thats in focus.
So this camera is set at 1.8
F/1.8
which literally gives me a couple of inches of focal plane
anything behind that is going to be out of focus
anything right in it is going to be in focus.
Ill put these two cameras side by side
both of them at 50mm
This one, Im going to crank up the F-stop (shrink the aperture) Ill put it at F/11
and the other video will be at F/1.8
and you can see the difference, you can see what you want to control.
This is my Sony Camera, my a6600 which is at f/1.8
and this is my Nikon Camera which is set at f/11
f/14? either f/11 or f/14
nevertheless, a really high f-stop number vs. a really low f-stop number
and you can see that
the background is totally in focus in one of them, so it pretty much looks like iPhone footage, I guess?
and then the background would be super blurred in the other one
where you'll see more like an, I dont know, 'this is an interview on tv' look
that youre used to seeing
so aperture is the way you achieve that effect
a wide open aperture lets in more light
so typically when youre using a really low f-number youre going to have a fast shutter
and, or a low ISO number
if you want your whole scene to be in focus
like if youre taking a landscape photograph
youre going to use a higher f-number which means a smaller aperture
when you have your camera set at a higher f-stop number
or a smaller aperture (same thing)
youre going to need to let in more light a different way
either by cranking up your ISO, which is the sensitivity of your sensor
or having a slower shutter speed which means your sensor is exposed to light for a longer period of time
and get the same amount of light that way
Third, and finally, is ISO
ISO is just the sensitivity of your sensor in your camera
ISO is almost like a little cheat
your aim is to have the lowest ISO number you can have
while still getting the picture that youre looking for
ISO is basically compensation for shutter speed and aperture
for instance, if youre shooting indoors, youre shooting like a basketball game
but its inside a gym and you dont have a whole lot of light
but you still want a really fast shutter speed so you can freezings the action
you're going to open up your aperture all the way, youre going to turn your shutter speed to what you think is right
usually 1/500 is good enough to freeze action
and then with those two values set, youre going to turn your ISO up until your exposure is right
to a reasonable degree
if you crank it up too high, its going to start to look like a VHS tape
I set my NIKON camera to ISO 20,000
and so you'll see all the blacks are like
sparkly and bad
where in my other camera, in the same room at the same time,
under all the same circumstances
the blacks are clean black and everything else looks really sharp
whats happening is, basically your sensor; ISO is causing your sensor to be receiving more electricity
in order for it to be more sensitive.
so its just the sensitivity of your sensor
You can practically see in the dark with it (turned way up) but youre going to get a crappy image like youre seeing here
one aspect of a more expensive camera is
being able to handle a higher ISO number before the image just goes to crap.
these cameras have no problem being in the 6000 range
and that will pretty much be making the same picture that youre seeing here
any time you change one value...
one of the other two values needs to change in the opposite direction
in order for the exposure to be right
when youre using a point-and-shoot camera or a cell phone
or if your DSLR is in P mode, program mode
then its just going to handle everything for you
and you'll get a perfect exposure every time but you won't get to choose those aspects
you won't get to choose the blurry background or the not blurry background
you won't get to choose to have frozen action or a motion blurr
in photography, we measure the amount of light in Stops
thats the terminology
if you go from 1/100 of a second shutter speed to 1/200 of a second shutter speed
you've got down a stop
same with the other two, if youre taking your ISO number from
from 100 to 200 you've got up a stop
you've given yourself one more stop of light
if you want to take a picture with a blurry background
you have a large aperture
which is a low F-number
which means youre letting in more light
so to compensate youre going to have to speed up your shutter speed
go down a stop in your shutter speed
or lower your ISO if its not low already
It used to be that in film cameras
in the 1900's in the old century
you'd buy film, and the film would BE an ISO number
they call it "Film Speed"
you wouldn't be adjusting that on the fly ever
because you'd have to take film out and put a different film canister in
ISO100 is going to produce the best image for you
in an ideal world you would do everything you can to get
to get it down to ISO100
while still achieving the look of the shot you want
ISO is like adding light, but its
but its electronic, I guess, thats why you will lose image quality
by cranking up the ISO
but new cameras are super good at handling
higher ISOs before they get nutty
so this camera can easily shoot
6400, ISO 6400 and the blacks
blacks are still black and everything looks really good
quick wrap up!
ISOto compensate for the other two
sensitivity to your sensor, which is really just voltage added to your sensor
keep it under 6400 and everything should be super jolly
so this is the first video in my little photography basics series
Ill get a little more advanced each time we do one of these
I think I may be talking about ND and polarizing filters
but were going to slowly cover everything about the basics of making a picture look the way you want it to with your camera
you dont have to have an expensive camera to have exactly the picture you want
more expensive cameras are water proof and dust proof
and they can take pictures super fast in a row
and they do a little better in low light
if you found this video helpful, please hit the like button down below
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it helps out with the search suggestions on this channel
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next week im going to talk about lenses
and lens choices and why you would make them
I hope you found some of this information helpful
Im going to keep making these and just cover everything until its not basic anymore
and leave a comment, tell me anything you thought
do you not like my hat?
do I wear this same shirt too often?
I think I do
ok, Ill see you in the near future
I think I rose up to start this video, so Im going to shrink down to stop it