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Molten metal in a vacuum chamber, what happens to it?
Will it bubble and boil like water?
Will it hold its heat for a really long time?
We're going to find out.
[Music]
For years, we have done experiments
using a vacuum chamber, and we've done experiments
using molten metal,
and today, for the first time, we're going to see what happens
if we put molten metal into a vacuum chamber.
Here's what we're going to try.
We've got two cups of equal amounts of aluminum.
We're going to melt them both down.
One of them will go inside a vacuum chamber,
and one of them will sit outside the vacuum chamber.
Let's find out what happens differently.
We've got these two steel cups, and we're going to put these
into our furnace, and melt down
the aluminum inside them.
They started off as the same cup.
We cut this one in half just so that we can see
inside it better.
We just want to watch what happens
inside our vacuum chamber, and visions going to be
a little bit limited.
This one's going to be outside the vacuum chamber,
so we should be able to see into it just fine anyway.
We've also got on the lid of our vacuum chamber,
it's digital thermometer that goes up to about 1900
degrees Fahrenheit,
or just over 1,000 degrees Celsius.
What we're going to do is tape that switch down,
and set it on so that as we pull out the vacuum
and leave it in a vacuum,
it is giving us a constant readout
of the temperature of the metal.
Hopefully, that will let us see how fast
or slow the metal cools down.
[Music]
I think we're going to call that good.
[Music]
Thermometer, which is still attached to this lid,
actually only showing a temperature of about 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
A little bit more depending on the angle I get.
I think it's probably kind of hard to read aluminum,
which is very shiny in places.
It might struggle with that.
Aluminum isn't liquid at 500 Fahrenheit.
So that's probably not a perfect representation,
but it is going to give us a comparison between the two.
Aluminum's definitely cooling down.
It's now at that stage that's weirdly clay like.
I can stab into it with a little bit of pressure,
but it's definitely not liquid.
[Music]
Still showing a span of around 350 to 400 Fahrenheit.
Lets see if I get the same result with this one.
Yeah, 35 to 410-450, and this is only been going
for maybe five minutes out of the furnace.
Order of operations, I'm going to tape down the trigger.
I'm going to pull out the metal cup full of molten aluminum,
set it on the brick, throw the lid on,
and then turn on the vacuum.
[Music]
Metal in the chamber.
We're suddenly getting a very high temperature reading.
All right, we are lowering the pressure
in the vacuum chamber.
Oh, no, our thermometer just turned off.
[Music]
The aluminum is putting off so much heat, it heated up
the electrical tape, which got loose,
and let go of our button.
[Music]
It's going to come off again, I think.
I think I even saw a couple of bubbles coming up
out of the aluminum there.
Our thermometer did turn off again.
It was reading about 435 when it turned off,
but that aluminum is bubbling, just a little bit.
I'll admit, I did not think we are going to get
any bubbling from our metal.
I've never seen molten aluminum bubble
the way it's doing right now, as it cool down.
So, I think this is the vacuum that's causing that.
The glass has actually heated up a lot.
It's really hot to the touch.
[Music]
Oh no, see if it still works.
Error.
This whole thing is really hot.
[Music]
Hello-- Oh man, that is bright.
Okay, the-- Let's go in the shade.
Didn't think this through.
We're good.
Okay.
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Now, let's get back to checking out our vacuumed metal.
I want to try and get both
of these pieces of aluminum out, and see what differences
I can find.
So, let's see if we can separate them.
[Music]
Here we go.
[Music]
All right.
So this is interesting.
This is sort of some pieces
of the aluminum that melted, but I never stirred the aluminum
on top of it.
So you can just sort of see the stick formation left.
This one seems to have more pitting
and bubbling on the bottom,
and again, this is the one that was
in the vacuum chamber, and this is the one
that was not.
I think I want to cut both of these in half,
and see if there's any difference
on the inside.
[Music]
I would say on the inside, they look pretty much the same,
at least, when you cut them in half with a hacksaw.
So what did we get out of putting molten metal
in the vacuum chamber?
The surface definitely cooled down differently.
The one that we put in the vacuum chamber
has a lot more pits, a lot more strange angles to it,
and overall, just a very different texture.
The one that was in the vacuum chamber, is more
of a flat, silvery aluminum color.
Maybe we have a different sort of aluminum oxide that's formed,
different composition, different speed that it formed.
It's pretty much the same colors on what's on the edge
of this one here.
This one's the same color pretty much all the way across,
except for a little bit of slag here in the corner.
And then of course, what surprised me the most is
that while it was in the vacuum chamber,
it seemed to have bubbles rising up out of it.
I was also amazed at how much heat it put off.
The outside of that vacuum chamber got really hot.
We did have, something of a casualty of war.
This is the thermometer that I was trying to use,
and it seems to have an issue scanning
the surface of aluminum.
It wasn't really giving us an accurate reading.
It was only giving us a reading of about 450 degrees Fahrenheit
while the aluminum was still molten,
and aluminum does not melt that temperature.
So unfortunately, this is not the best way
to measure the temperature of molten aluminum.
We're going to have to look into that a little bit later.
Maybe we can find a thermocouple
that actually goes down into the aluminum
to measure it there.
So we may have to revisit this experiment later
on when we have a little bit more industrial equipment
that can handle some of these temperatures.
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