Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about IELTS. As
usual, with IELTS lessons, I will be speaking a little bit faster than normal. It's good
for your listening practice. But if you're not taking the IELTS, you can still listen
and try to follow us as we go through this section.
So, let's begin. Today, I'm going to look at the IELTS reading section. I'm going to
look at three different approaches to tackling the IELTS reading section. Students always
ask me: "What should I do with the reading? How do I do it? How can I finish on time?
How can I answer more questions?" Right? So I'm going to give you three approaches, three
different ways to try to do the IELTS. Okay? We're going to look at three different ways.
They're completely different from each other.
The most important thing I want to tell you before we start: you have to know what works
for you. Okay? One of these approaches will work for you; the others may not. Practice
all three. If you're comfortable with one and it seems to work for you, and your score
seems to be getting better, stick with that one and practice that one. Don't try to do
all three each time. Figure out which one works, and just practice that one the most.
Okay?
The most obvious one and the first one we're going to talk about: read the entire passage,
and then tackle the questions. Now, a few things to say, good and bad, about this approach.
So, you have 20 minutes, let's say, that you're going to start from the first passage, you're
going to do about 17 minutes; the second passage, you're going to spend 20 minutes; the last
passage, you're going to spend 23, 24, 25 minutes. So, you have to do this very fast.
So: can you read the entire passage and do the questions in that timeframe? Okay? That's
the question you must ask yourself. Are you a fast reader? Can you comprehend everything
you're reading? How is your vocabulary? Things like this. Some people, they must read everything,
from beginning to end, and then go to the questions. But they can also keep; they can
retain the information they've read, so when they go to the questions, they know where
to go back and look for the answers.
Now, the good part about this is that you have all the information in your head once
you've read the entire passage. The bad part is that you're going to be reading the passage
twice. Okay? Or not the whole passage, but you're going to read big chunks of the passage
twice. You'll have read it the first time, you'll go to the questions, and then you'll
be reading again to find the answers, because you're looking for specific words now. When
you get to the questions, sometimes it's only one word difference
from what you read in the passage.
So, do I recommend this? Yes and no. If you're a fast reader and you can comprehend, then
yes, do that. If you're not a fast reader, then no, don't do this. You'll be wasting
too much time and reading more than you need to.
What I'm going to do with these two approaches is show you how to read less. So you don't
need to read the entire passage; you just need to read the areas that contain the answers
to the questions.
So, the second approach: go straight to the questions. You look at the question. First
of all, understand the type of the question. Is it a multiple choice? Is it a fill-in-the-blank,
like a summary? Are you looking for like headings for each paragraph? Are you looking for the
title? Etc. Figure out what you're looking for, read the question carefully, pick out
the keywords in the question or the key idea in the question, and then scan the passage.
Don't read the passage. Just quickly look everywhere for where that information ought to be.
Now, keep in mind, you're going to have a... Let's say you're going to have four questions
in one section, four types of questions. Start with 15. Figure out what it's asking, go to
the passage, find out the area where that information is, and then start reading there
to try to answer as many of the questions as you can. The problem with this approach
is that sometimes question 15, the answer will be here; question 16, the answer will
be here. So it's not always chronological; it's not always in order of the questions.
Some question types are in order. Okay? If you have like a summary a passage with fill-in-the-blanks,
and you have to summarize a certain section, then you go to the beginning, find the beginning,
and then each one will be the same. Okay? So 15, 16, 17, 18. It will be chronological.
But that's for that type of question; it doesn't apply to all question types.
Questions such as: "Yes/No/Not given", or: "True/False/Not given", this sometimes will
work; sometimes it won't. Okay? Especially for the "Not given", because you can have
the "Yes", "Yes", "No", "Not given". Okay? So this will help you in most cases, but in
some cases, it will not help you. But practice this. If it works for you, do it. Okay? Remember:
it's all about time management. You have to be able to get through the entire passage
and the entire questions three times in one hour. Yeah? You want to try to finish everything.
Now, the third section. Before I even start to explain how it works, I want you to understand
that it's difficult, it's really not easy, it takes a lot of practice, but if you can
do this and do it well, you can finish the entire test on time and read the absolute
minimum that you have to. Okay?
How does this work? Before you do anything else, I want you to summarize each paragraph
by itself. How do you do this? You go to the paragraph, you read the topic sentence. The
topic sentence will always be the first or second sentence. It will give you a general
idea of what the paragraph is about. Because remember: in good writing, one paragraph has
one central idea. That idea will be in the topic sentence. Once you understand what the
general idea is, then you scan the rest of the paragraph, looking for keywords that support
that topic sentence.
Once you have the topic, once you find the keywords that support that topic, then you
know what this paragraph is about. Write two-three word(s) summary of that paragraph. Okay? Then,
once you have the summary of everything, you do the entire passage... You should be able
to get yourself to do it 5 to 7 minutes you should be able to go through the whole passage.
Okay? That gives you over 10 minutes to work on the questions.
Then you go to the questions. Now, the key is to know where the answers should be. Why?
If you understand the question, the question is about the history of something. Well, here,
in paragraph "A", the history of this thing. If the question is about the people involved,
well, here, you already wrote: "People involved". Right? So you know where to go look. So now,
you go straight to the paragraph where the answer should be, and you find out the information.
Then you're... Then you're doing the same thing here. Sorry, as number two. You're matching
keywords and matching your answers.
Now, there's two reasons this is good. One: you're reading less, two: you're doing it
much quicker. You've gone through the whole passage very quickly. You don't need to read
anything that has nothing to do with the questions. Okay? And three: one of the question types
on the reading section is: "Give each paragraph a heading." If you did the summary, then you've
already done these questions. Okay? There's going to be usually 5 or 6 at least headings,
like 5 or 6 paragraphs. Each one you have to give a heading to. If you've done the summary,
then you've already did that question type. You look at the headings, you match them to
your summary, and then there's your answer.
Two: if the passage does not have a title... If the passage does not have a title, automatically
you can understand one of the questions will be: "What is a good title for this passage?"
If you've done the summaries, already start thinking about the title if there isn't one,
because that's going to be one of your questions. So you're actually killing two, sometimes
three birds with one stone by doing it this way. Okay?
Now, I know it's not easy. I know it's very difficult, it takes a lot of practice, but
we're going to work on one paragraph together just so you know what I'm talking about.
Okay, so now, let's look at how to do approach three, how to do a bit of a summary of a paragraph.
So what we're looking at here, we're looking at a passage. I'll give you a background,
because actually you can see I only have one paragraph and not even a complete paragraph,
because it was too long. But this is a passage about the history of recorded music or even
recorded sound. This is not the first paragraph. The first paragraph was probably an introduction
about sound recordings, because today, we have all kinds of different ways of listening
to music. We have iPod, MP3 player, all kinds of digital recordings. We used to have CDs,
and we used to have 8-tracks, and vinyl records, and tapes. So what we're looking at is the
history and probably evolution of recorded music.
So, now, what came probably before this paragraph was a paragraph about the phonautograph, which
is a type of machine that was invented a long time ago to record sound. We also had a paragraph
about how it worked, how it did this. Okay? So now, when we get to this paragraph, we
already have some background information, and now we want to know what this paragraph
is about without reading the entire paragraph.
So we read the topic sentence, which is basically and usually the first sentence. "The Phonautograph
eventually evolved into the Phonograph." So now, what is the main idea of this...? Of
this paragraph? It's about the change into something else, or the next step. Okay? How
do we know? We have the word "eventually", which suggests time, something is happening
over time. "Evolved", "evolved" means changed into something better, usually. Evolution
is usually into something better. Devolution, something worse. "Into the Phonograph", and
we're going to find out: what is a Phonograph? Okay? So this, right away, we have the idea
that this paragraph is about the evolution or the change into the Phonograph, the next
step from what came before.
So now, what we want to do... We don't want to read the rest. We want to confirm our idea
that this is about the evolution of something, of the Phonograph. We want to find keywords
in the paragraph to support that. So, first of all, we have Thomas Edison. He wasn't mentioned
before; he's mentioned now. If you know who he is, he's a famous inventor from a long
time ago. He "discovered" something. Okay? Usually evolutions come with discoveries.
We have an "1878", we have "1887" also. We have time progression. Okay?
Now, he found a "way". Before, we spoke about how sound was recorded on a cylindrical, like
a disc that spun like this, cylindrically. Okay? And it went like this, and something
was grooved onto it. Now, we have: "He discovered a way to record on impressionable material
- tinfoil, lead", so different material. Okay? Before it was on metal with charcoal, basically.
Again, we don't know that here; we knew that from the paragraph before. Now we have different
material, so again, we have evolution, "or wax".
And then we continue reading, then "discovery", blah, blah, blah, we're continuing to reading.
Oh, we have a "flat disc". Before, we had a cylinder. Now we have a flat disc. Okay?
"Creating a medium", we have a new medium. We have a new name. Somebody else is now getting
involved in this evolution. Okay? Now: "instead of tracing", now, this word "instead" tells
you that instead of what was here, we now have something else. "Over a rotating" something
else, and: "the resulting disc". Right? So everything points to an evolution of something;
we're going to the next step, to a different way of recording sound.
So now, what do we want to do? On the side... We don't want to write a full sentence. We
don't want to take this full paragraph and summarize it in one or two sentences. We want
to summarize it in one or two words. Okay? We already have the word "evolution" in our
minds. Very simple. There's a new medium. This paragraph is about the new medium. In
the... In which case is going to be the disc. Okay? I could write: "New medium - disc".
The last paragraph: the cylinder. This paragraph: the disc. The next paragraph... I mean, this
paragraph will continue. If you go to www.engvid.com and take the quiz, you will see the entire
paragraph there, it will make more sense. But here, I have a brief explanation of how
the disc worked as compared to the cylinder, and I also have an explanation of why it was
good, why it was an evolution, why they did this.
Then the next paragraph will likely go to the next step. The next step will be electrical,
and then you have magnetic, and then you have digital, and then you have all kinds of steps
from the beginning of the recording of music till today. Okay? Because it's the history
of... The entire passage is about the history of recorded music.
So, now, when I go to my questions and they ask a question about the disc or they ask
a question about Emile Berliner, or they ask a question about mass production of music
mediums or media, you know where to come looking. The answer should be in here somewhere, because
this is where they're talking about the disc, this is where they're talking about the next
step, where they're talking about mass production, which will come a little bit later. Oh, here,
"mass produced". Okay? So you know all this because you're talking about the new medium
- the disc.
Now, this is especially, especially effective for the "Yes/No/Not given" or the "True/False/Not
given" questions. Especially in that especially the "Not given" because "Yes/No", "True/False",
you can look for the keywords, you can find them and compare the sentence here, then compare
the sentence in the questions. In the "Not given" sentences, if they're not given, then
there's nothing to find. Right? So the only thing that you can look for is the "should".
The answer to this question should be here. So you look around, you can't find it, the
answer is not given. Okay? And this is usually the most difficult question everybody has
on the IELTS reading section.
So, again, summarize. If you do this first, do every paragraph. A: you can do the "Not
given" questions, B: all the find a heading, match a heading to each paragraph - that's
already done because you did it this way. And you don't have to read all the passage.
You're saving yourself a lot of time, and you know where exactly to go look for your
answers to your questions. Okay?
It takes practice. I'm not going to tell you it's easy. It's not easy. If you can practice
this and be able to do a proper summary of the whole passage in five minutes, you got
15 minutes for the rest of the passage for the questions, and you should be able to finish
all 40 questions in the time. Okay? All 40 questions in the 60 minutes, and do... Get
a very high rate of correct answers.
Now, if you have any questions about this, please go to www.engvid.com. Go to the for...
To the comments section and ask questions. Do the quiz; hopefully it will help you out a little bit.
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come again soon. Bye.