Ok so here is part 2 of chapter 3. We are picking off right at, picking up excuse me
right at slide 14 and we're going to be talking about the oral cavity and
specifically the velum. so the velum refers to that soft palate it, excuse
me, forms the posterior roof of your oral cavity and if you watched video one,
which you should have, you'll remember that I told you if you pretended there
were peanut butter, there was peanut butter on the top of your mouth, if you took
your tongue and scraped the roof of your mouth going all the way back you go from
your hard palate back to your soft palate. so that's the posterior roof of
your oral cavity. it's composed of muscle and connective tissue covered in a
mucous membrane and it is very continuous with the hard palate so
there's not a set and abrupt stop. it goes continuously from the hard palate
to the soft palate and it does prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal
cavity. in addition I kind of already talked about this in video one but it is
necessary and producing three nasal sounds in English language including
"mm," "nuh," and"-ing," like in the word fishing and it also helps with tongue contact for
some other constanants we have. so let's continue on slide 15 talking about the
velum. we also have the uvula that's typically known as that little hanging
ball thing in the back of your throat. it's a also its translated as the little
grape but it's a small fleshy mass. we also have that velopharyngeal port, that
opening that connects the nasal and the oral cavities the velum assists in that
opening and closing of that port by making contact with that posterior
pharyngeal wall, which I talked about video one.
ok now let's talk about that, that
excuse me, velopharyngeal port ,sorry. let's talk about the movement there, so
if were opening that port, we're relaxing the velum, we're redirecting air through the
nasal cavities, necessary for those three nasal sounds we talked about. so when
we're opening the velum we're lowering it.
ok now for closing it we're closing the airflow from the nasal to the
oral cavity. so if we're right here it kind of almost does this little lift
thing. so we're closing off the nasal passageway and it's directing airstream
through the oral cavity for those oral resident phonemes. so let's talk about
some sounds produced by the velum. we already talked about those nasal sounds
but there's a couple other ones. there are some lingual for velar sounds.
remember i talked about we can make some other sounds besides nasal. so those are
using the tongue plus the velum and that's for "kuh" and "guh" and then again for
the "-ing."
ok let's talk more about how we modify some sounds. so we have articulators
they're making the sounds. I did provide a really good website here i would
suggest checking out in addition here we talk about the mandible and this is on
slide 18. so the mandible is going to contribute to tongue and lower lip
movement, particularly for vowels
"ah" "oo" "ee" you'll notice that the jaw is changing.
ok now if we go to slide 19 we're talking about super, super glottal and
super laryngeal structures. so in the oral cavity we're talking about,
excuse me, lips our teeth our alveolar Ridge so our alveolar Ridge is going to
be the little bump right behind our teeth right on our hard palate.
it's where we make that "tuh tuh tuh" T sound. we have our hard palate which is
excuse me, just beyond that our velum which is beyond the hard palate the tongue the
mandible.
so all of these play a role and creating the sounds that we need.
we also have the oral cavity when we're, so in the oral cavity we have the lips
they're also known as labial, so you'll hear label sounds sounds produced by the
lips and their bounded by cheeks chin nose and composed of muscles and tissues.
this is going to help receive and hold food and liquids, so if we didn't have
our lips or if we had some decreased movement or a muscle control of the lips
we may not be able to hold liquid in our mouth, it may spill out some interior
spillage, but it also helps with speech. so lips change the position for the
vowels whether they're rounded "oh," whether they're neutral or spread. it
also it helps create some consonants. so let's go to slide 21 the sounds produced
by lips. with lips we have bilabial sounds so those are sounds produced by
both lips "buh" "puh" "muh" "wuh."
ok so we have"puh" p, "buh" b, "muh" m and then "wuh"
w. we have labial dental sounds and that's going to be when we are using
our teeth
plus our lips. so for instance the F, so we use our bottom lip and our top teeth
and then also "vv," so those are the V and the B
excuse me, the V and the F are made in the same exact spot, the only difference
is whether our vocal folds vibrate or not, so one is voiced in one is voiceless
and we'll talk about that more in the next chapter. in the oral cavity we're
going to talk about teeth as well so we have lips and then next is teeth and we kind
of touched on that a little bit but um when you see the word dental that's
going to talk about teeth.
so when we went when we said lingual dental that was a both teeth and lips.
and our teeth aid and not only for cutting and grinding of food but for speech
they're pretty passive but they are important for sounds involving the teeth
and lips and the tongue and the teeth. so some of those sounds on slide 23
include the F and the V which we already talked about and then also our TH-
sounds, so are voiceless and voiced. so if I said bath
you're going to have your tongue and your teeth
okay, that was a little exaggerated but you get the point.
and so the th at the end of that voiceless th is noted by the theta that
first symbol and if we go to slide 24 continuing in the oral cavity we have
the alveolar Ridge. so I talked about this a little bit earlier but the
alveolar Ridge is well it's almost like a little bump right behind your top
teeth and the teeth are contained at the alveolar Ridge in the mandible and the
maximal or maxilla sorry. the gum ridges and the alveolar processes. so what the
alveolar Ridge does
is it helps aid in the tongue contact during swallowing, so if you stop right
now and pretend you have a drink of water or if you do have a drink of water
that would be great, when you swallow your tongue typically hits that alveolar
Ridge right behind your teeth and it's kind of a spot for contact when you're
swallowing. so let's try that a second.
so when I swallowed my tongue does it goes right up to the alveolar Ridge and
yours should as well. now for on the speech side the tongue,
excuse me, the alveolar ridge is a place for the tongue to contact for some
consonants, including if we continue to slide 25 the "tuh" like I talked about before
"duh" "ss" "zz"
"nuh." so even though "nuh" is a nasal sound the air flow goes out the nose but
we also use the articulators in the oral cavity to create the sound and then
we also have "luh." so that's a really good one when you're teaching kids about the
alveolar Ridge and "tuh tuh" because you can open your mouth and really show where those
are made.
ok let's go on to slide 26 this is talking about the hard palate. the hard
palate is formed, it forms the anterior or the front portion of the roof of your
oral cavity. it's composed of bony tissue covered by a mucous membrane. it does
help contain food in the oral cavity and first speech it's a contact place for
consonants and oral cavity shaping especially for vowles. I know i talked
about children with cleft palate earlier but if someone did have a cleft palate
they may have it of the hard palate so you would see a cleft or an opening in
that hard palate and they can also have it up the soft palate that could happen
to both, they could have it of
the maxilla, so you'd actually see right through here and then continue along the
the hard palate.
let's look at sounds involving the hard palate, so if we go on to slide 27 these
are going to be our tongue plus hard palate, so lingual palatal. lingual is
tongue palatal hard palate.
ok so we have our "shh" sound our "ch" like cheese,
"juh" we have the are "err" and then we have the "yuh" sound. ok so all of those are
made by taking the tongue in contact with the hard palate.
let's talk about slide 28, the mandible. so the mandible or the lower jaw
attaches to the tip and blade of the tongue by the frenulum.
so if you lift up your tongue the lingual frenulum is going to be that
little piece of tissue that connects the base to your tongue. so that would connect
the mandible to the to the underside of the tongue. okay and that provides help some
rotary action for chewing and then for speech it helps lower and raise
for some vowel articulation. alright we have two more slides so let's talk about
the tongue, the tongue is the most important articulator. it is a muscular
structure and there are several parts of our tongue. so you probably haven't thought
about this or maybe you have because you've learned a little bit of the
anatomy already but the tongue has lots of different parts, it's not just what
we see, you know when we stick out our tongue. so we have the root of the tongue
that forms the front wall of the pharynx that would be in the back, we have the
body,
the big bulk of mass of the tongue and we use that for vowel descriptors, we
have the tip, that's going to be the most visual part and it is really important
for the clarity of speech so if you think about it "tuh"
"duh" all of those sounds we just use the tip of our tongues so it is really
important for clarity. we have the blade which is just beyond the tip so if we
say "shh" right there, about right there is where you use the the blade of the
tongue for this sound and then we also have the dorsum that's going to be the
back. so the very back of the tongue is going to help make our "kuh" and our "guh"
and it is a little harder to teach children how to make that "kuh" and "guh"
sound especially because it's not visual. one of my favorite tricks is to have
them look up and when they use "kuh," when they're looking up it makes that a
little bit tighter so they can feel it a little easier for the K and the G sound,
just a trick you can try.
there are several other ways of having kids make that sound as well but that's
one that seems to work pretty well. and then the very last slide slide 30 we're
going to talk about lips, you have your upper and your lower lip.
they are very important for articulators, for bilabial sounds "buh," for lingual
dental like "ff" so our top teeth bottom lip for the F sound and then also for vowels
"oh" "ee" "oo" so we're changing the lips constantly with those vowels.
alright so that concludes chapter 3
next we're going to skip chapter 4 and go on to chapter 5 and then go back to
chapter 4. so we're going to talk about consonants first and then go back two
vowels
so thank you very much for listening i know
this was a little bit longer than typical but hopefully give you a lot of
information about the three major functional systems for speech production
thank you and don't forget to do your quiz, it is posted and you'll have seven
days to complete
thank you.