What do you call an acid with an attitude?
An a-mean-oh acid.
Amino acids are awesome!
They have a huge role in the function of our bodies.
They function both as building blocks for proteins, and they function as intermediates
in metabolic reactions.
There are 20 different types of amino acids found in proteins, which means that there
is a huge amount of chemical variation.
Another way to say this is that having 20 different amino acids means that your body
can do more different things that are good for you; because, within a gene there are
sequences of bases that encode different types of proteins, and that sequence determines
the exact amino acid content as well as the specific order or sequencing of those amino acids.
Well, that specific sequencing of amino acids determines the specific three dimensional
structure of the protein, and the three dimensional structure of a protein determines that proteins
specific role or function.
Well, there are tons of different types of functions in our body that all need amino acids.
In fact, proteins, which are made up of amino acids, are used for almost every reaction
in our living cells and they control almost every cellular process.
Let's take a look at 9 important functions of amino acids:
Structural Function- All of your bones, muscles, skin, and all of your body's tissue is built
together by proteins, and all proteins are made up of amino acids.
Collagen, for example, is the most abundant structural protein in our bodies.
Immune Function- Our immune systems have cells that fight intruders in our bodies,
these are called defensive cells.
All of our defensive cells are made up of proteins.
However, before our defensive cells a can even go and attack these bad guys,
they have to be informed that there are bad guys to attack.
This is the job of the signaling proteins which are also made up of amino acids.
Hormonal function-
Every hormone in your body is made up of amino acids.
Hormones have several different roles within your body.
They manage all metabolic process, growth, thyroid function, a woman's menstrual cycle,
and even things like adrenaline.
Exchange Function:
Proteins also work as exchanger.
For example if one cell is lacking in something proteins can prompt an exchange or replacement
from one cell to another; such as Nucleotide exchange factors.
Motion Function-
You may be familiar with actin and myosin.
Actin and Myosin are contractile proteins that bind to one another and actually created
the force for the movement of the muscle.
There are also regulatory proteins that helps switch muscle contraction on and off.
Transporter Function-
Maybe you've heard of carrier proteins.
Well, carrier proteins are what transport things throughout or body.
The most common type of carrier protein may be hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is the protein that transports oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body.
It then releases oxygen to those other parts of the body to power our bodies various functions.
Digestive Function:
All digestive enzymes are proteins.
These digestive enzymes enable our bodies to actually absorb the nutrients from the food that we eat.
Often times, people who are extremely malnourished are unable to absorb the nutrients from the
food that they do eat, because they lack an adequate amount of amino acids to be able
to form these digestive enzymes.
Cellular Function:
Cellular respiration is a metabolic function that basically produces
energy in the form of ATP for our body to use for every other function.
Our body needs amino acids for cellular respiration to even take place.
Circulatory Function:
Our bodies need amino acids for proper blood circulation.
For example, L-Arginine is an amino acid which aids in the production of nitric oxide (NO).
NO is one of the main messenger molecules that takes part in vascular regulation.
Vascular regulation is what helps blood to flow properly.
Out of the 20 amino acids, our bodies can only produce 10 of them.
All of the other amino acids must be supplied to our bodies through food.
The 10 amino acids that our bodies do not produce are referred to as the essential amino acids.
and even some of those are less essential then others
If our bodies fail to receive, even one of the essential amino acids, there will be a
degrading of protein in the body.
Let me say that again, you can get 9 out of the 10 amino acids everyday, but a lack of
that one essential amino acids WILL result in a breakdown of protein in your body.
Our body can store an excess of things like fat, and starches to use for energy, but our
body DOES NOT store an excess of amino acids.
The 10 essential amino acids need to be replenished each day.
The 10 essential amino acids include: Arginine , histidine, isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
The 10 amino acids that our bodies do produce include:
Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline,
serine and tyrosine
I hope that this video on amino acids has been helpful to you.
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See you guys next time!