Okay this is the final exam [Top 200] review. We'll start with gastrointestinal. Antacids:
Calcium carbonate and Magnesium hydroxide. Again, that room, that's the
stomach, so you got to remember that there's acid. There has to be [excess] acid if you're
gonna use an antacid and it's about one to three hours after they take it. Then
the H2 blockers and with -tidine. Proton pump inhibitors with
-prazole. Then we'll go down to diarrhea and constipation. So, bismuth
subsalicylate and loperamide. Then docusate sodium and polyethylene glycol
for constipation. Then we have nausea and vomiting so -setron for nausea 5HT which
is a 5-HT3 antagonist. Then promethazine for vomiting. Then IBS
versus IBD. They are irritable bowel disease and with -liximab for infliximab or
[brand] Remicade which is a "remission aid". Musculoskeletal, you go out of the PAIN
CAVE. So, remember this is prostaglandins with P then [A] aspirin [I] ibuprofen [N] naproxen
The caffeine with aspirin and acetaminophen for headache. The acetaminophen
by itself is a non-narcotic analgesic. Meloxicam is a very long
acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] then celecoxib is the COX-2
inhibitor. The C-2s: morphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone with acetaminophen, oxycodone with
acetaminophen C3 Acetaminophen with codeine C4 tramadol. The antagonist is
naloxone. Then we go from head to toe here with a little guy here and for the
[head] headache we have the triptans which are the 5HT1 antagonists. We'll
just zoom in on that and then we're gonna go [in order] "joint, bone, muscle". So joint is
methotrexate with -trexate and then -nercept as two of the the other
DMARDs for abatacept and etanercept. Then in
the "bone" for osteoporosis we have -dronate the stem for bisphosphonates
and for muscle, cyclobenzaprine, you can "bend" and then diazepam which is actually
a benzodiazepine and then for gout allopurinol
and the -xostat from febuxostat. Okay, respiratory. We remember that H1 vs
H2 and H1 antihistamine is for the [one] nose and with our antihistamine snowman H2 is
for the stomach [2 buttons] Okay, so diphenhydramine is the first generation
which that's a brain and so we cross the blood-brain barrier and that's why it
makes you sleepy and then we have cetirizine and loratadine
as two of our second generations. So that's a first in a second. I mean my
handwriting is not great. That's a nose on the left and then pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, all acute decongestants versus triamcinolone which
is a prophylactic for allergic rhinitis. You could also use a fluticasone or
Flonase or mometasone something like that. So we'll put the bifurcation in the
bronchi and you just kind of put a "C" sideways to make cough with guaifenesin
with dextromethorphan, guaifenesin with codeine, then we've got a little campfire
for our prednisone and methylprednisolone and then you can
think of fluticasone too but think of the fire the flame for inflammation
sometimes we have inflammation and bronchoconstriction and asthma that's
why we got a boa constrictor with our inflammation campfire so you might see
you know formoterol with budesonide or you might see I'm blanking on it but
it's going to be fluticasone with salmeterol [Advair]
I'm doing all this all from memory and then albuterol is just when the
bronchoconstriction is alone. You could have put salmeterol there too or
salmeterol however you say it and then when you have the bronchoconstriction
you can also use the -terol [from] albuterol with ipratropium, so the little
tropical tree there so ipratropium and remember tiotropium
is the long-acting one and then there's a couple "MORE" M-O-R-E respiratory drugs so
montelukast -lukast is leukotriene inhibitor omalizumab for allergy
that's just [R] respiratory to remember and then epi for anaphylaxis. Immune. We start
with the amoxicillin and the amoxicillin / clavulanate. We have a cell and then
walls to remind us that it affects the cell wall. First, third, and fourth
generation cephalosporins. First: ceph- third cef-TRI-axone to remember it's third [generation] and
then cefepime which was the "maximum generation" at one time Maxipeme but
we know there's a fifth [generation] now the "van" getting out of the prison
so vancomycin it's a glycopeptide and if you think of four cycles coming out
of that van then you have tetracyclines doxycycline and minocycline or two of
those and then you have -thromycin macrolide so I thought "mice are small" macro
is big so three -thromycins since we've got azithromycin
clarithromycin erythromycin all three of those. Clindamycin, a lincosamide,
so there's some similarities there the "lin" and the "c" and then lincosamide
and then the -zolid from linezolid which is an oxazolidinone antibiotic. The
aminoglycosides ending with -kacin or gentamicin.
And i can't really use that stem with gentamicin [-micin] UTI sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for the folate well dihydrofolate
reductase inhibitors and in the -fl- from -floxacin with the -fl- from
fluoroquinolone. And then for peptic ulcer disease -nidazole from
metronidazole with the nitroimidazole going up to TB
so we have "RIPE" rifampin isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol. Those are
our big four. Then Antifungal. So, the amphotericin B from the "A" the
fluconazole from the "F" and the nystatin from "N" some of the antivirals
non HIV antivirals -amavir and influenza -cyclovir for HSV and VZV and then
-vizumab for RSV as those stems. Outside the cell if you're talking about HIV
trying to come into a healthy cell. You've gotten enfuvirtide so you can
take a "fu" from fusion and "vir" for antiviral and then the viral CCR5
antagonist but then inside the cell we have the what I guess you would call the
-ases or the enzymes that they affect the NNRTI the -virenz and -citabine and
then the NRTI that tenofovir. The integrase and so that -tegravir and -tegrase
are very similar and then protease inhibitor -navir so those stems to help
you with immune going on to neuro with mental health think -caine and pain so
benzocaine or lidocaine I was thinking a PEZ melts in bed so
You've got the P.M. from Tylenol PM which is really diphenhydramine with
acetaminophen the -clone eszopiclone and "z" in the zolpidem
and then ramelteon so it melts so the PEZ P-E-Z melts in bed and then you
come out of the stairs so go down the stairs as you feel better from
antidepressants and the first stair is SSRIs that escitalopram citalopram
sertraline fluoxetine paroxetine both of the -oxetine stem, but we should be
careful because there's the SNRI duloxetine and then venlafaxine the
tricyclic antidepressant. Remember the "TRI" T-R-I from amitriptyline the MAOI isocarboxazid
"I so carve boxes" you're really sad because you're carving
boxes. Buproprion and varenicline both to help you stop smoking, but bupropion
was also an antidepressant so that's kind of the link and then if you smoke
maybe you have some anxiety so the -azepam and -azolam so in anxiety you kind
of that "Z" sound that might help you. I remember that it the benzos or the -azepam
or -azolam. And then ADHD so dexmethylphenidate methylphenidate the
non-stimulant was atomoxetine again watch out for that -oxetine stem
and then the mood stabilizer Li+ which is lithium so coming up here to
schizophrenia we have the low potency typical which is also first-generation
chlorpromazine the high potency typical which is haloperidol then we have
something like risperidone which is second-generation quetiapine which is
also second-generation both of those causing this metabolic effects versus
the EPS the traditional anti-epileptics so I couldn't really think of anything
here but carbamazepine divalproex and phenytoin the newer ones are pregabalin
and gabapentin two of them so they had that GAB in the middle stem
Parkinson's levodopa / carbidopa and selegiline and then Alzheimer's donepezil
and memantine "m-e-m" from memory for that and then the motion sickness
scopolamine. Cardio. We use the nephron so we
start on the left with the osmotic diuretic osmitrol then we go up to
ascending loop of Henle with furosemide then to the distal convoluted
tubule [with] hydrochlorothiazide. Spironolactone and triamterene are in the
collecting duct and then potassium because they are potassium sparing now we
can also use potassium as a supplement for hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide
Alpha one blocker like doxazosin alpha 2 is clonidine you want to know
that difference between first second and third generation beta one blocker beta
blockers so beta 1 beta 2 would be propranolol which is first
generation second would be beta 1 which is metoprolol and specific and then
again we have a nonspecific carvedilol that also has a vasodilatory
effects the -dil- for vasodilator. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
All of these are vasodilators this would go from the RAAS to the calcium channel
blockers to nitro so we start with the zymogen which is angiotensinogen
then we use renin or "renin" to get us to angiotensin one the ACE
inhibitors have the -pril stem so lisinopril things like that and then we
block angiotensin 2 at the receptor angiotensin 2 receptor blocker ends with
-sartan like valsartan the CCB's so these actually the brand names are a lot
easier to make it remember and so Cardizem and Calan they'll start
with "C" but the -tiazem and -pamil stem from diltiazem and verapamil these are
both in non dihydropyridines these are the ones that affect the heart and
vasodilate you can think of bradycardia there. CCB and then the dip in blood
pressure from the regular -dipines like amlodipine felodipine
those -dipines and nitro- the vasodilator didn't
really know where to go with that most people know that the LDL so HMG
CoA-reductase usually end in -vastatin so be careful
nystatin the anti-fungal is not an HMG-CoA and then the triglycerides so
fibric acid derivatives the -fibrate stem, the anticoagulants warfarin heparin
and enoxaparin dabigatran all of these have their own stems the anti platelets
aspirin and then something like clopidogrel which is plavix and then the
cardiac glycoside digoxin and the anticholinergic atropine for emergencies
okay then we'll go to endocrine and some kind of miscellaneous ones so with the
Insulin we usually do it in order of how long it's going to or how quickly it'll
work so like a Humalog would work really quickly then the Humulin R, Humulin N
and then Lantus the very long acting one. P.O. Diabetic medications something like
metformin the -gliptins or something like glipizide the sulfonylurea then
glucagon is for when the "glucose is gone" levothyroxine when you have too
little thyroid hormone you have to replace it and then PTU when the
thyroid hormone is up. You kind of just put a little "P" after that you and then
that'll help decrease it. Testosterone the male sex hormones are you going to
have some kind of steroids so -ster is the stem estrogen is estr- and -gest
progestin the OAB overactive bladder so you can think "you got to get your butt
in the toilet" for oxybutynin -fenacin try to "fence in"
the urine and then tolterodine didn't know anywhere to go with that one
if you have urinary retention so bethanechol is the one and by keeping
them next to each other it's helpful and you may be able to picture it in your
brain then the ED drugs like the vardenafil or sildenafil which is Viagra
that -afil stem. And then the alpha blockers which don't really have that
vasodilatory effect that are specifically for BPH. The tamsulosin and
alfuzosin and then the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor finasteride dutasteride
those both for BPH as well