- [Instructor] Hey, Psych2Goers, we hope you're doing well
and are finding time for self-care.
Now, let's begin.
Depression is the most commonly diagnosed
mental health condition,
but did you know that the term depression
can refer to multiple different diagnosis?
Depression comes in many different forms
and affects each person in different ways
leading to multiple classifications.
With that, let's look at a few
of the most common types of depression.
Number one, major depressive disorder, clinical depression.
According to APA, major depressive disorder,
otherwise known as clinical depression,
is a depressive disorder characterized
by persistent low moods,
loss of interest in your favorite activities,
and a lack of motivation to carry out basic tasks.
MDD is the most common form of depression.
So when someone says that they've been diagnosed
with depression, they're likely referring to this condition.
Some of the most common symptoms include,
feeling low energy all day
even if you've had a proper amount of sleep,
feeling like a burden on others or having a low self-worth,
difficulty concentrating and making decisions,
sleeping too much or too little,
loss of interest or pleasure in activities,
especially ones that you normally enjoy,
recurring thoughts of death or suicide,
and significant weight loss or gain.
Symptoms of MDD must be present for at least two weeks
in order to be diagnosed.
Number two, persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia.
Persistent depressive disorder, PDD,
is a depressive disorder similar to MDD
except that it is long lasting.
The symptoms of PDD are similar to those
of major depression, but often fewer and not as intense.
They include the following.
Low mood most of the day and almost every day,
loss of enjoyment in once pleasurable things,
a major change in weight or appetite,
insomnia or excessive sleep almost every day,
being physically restless
or run down in a way that is noticeable to others,
fatigue or loss of energy almost every day,
problems with concentration
or making decisions almost every day.
These symptoms must occur
for at least two years to be diagnosed.
Number three, bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder is a group of mood disorders
in which symptoms of mania and depression alternate.
The DSM-V has four different classifications
for the conditions.
Bipolar I disorder is where the individual fluctuates
between episodes of mania and major depressive episodes
or experiences a mix of these.
Bipolar II disorder is when the individual fluctuates
between major depressive
and less intense manic episodes known as hypomania.
Cyclothymic disorder is recognized
by periods of milder depressive episodes and hypomania.
And lastly, other forms that do not fall
under the categories of the previous types.
The dramatic periods of high and low moods
in bipolar disorder are often unpredictable
and can sometimes occur at the same time in mixed episodes.
These episodes may occur over weeks, months, or even years.
Symptoms of mania or the highs.
Excessive happiness, hopefulness and excitement,
restlessness, rapid speech and poor concentration,
making grand and unrealistic plans, becoming more impulsive,
less need for sleep, and a lack of appetite.
During depressive periods or the lows,
a person with bipolar disorder may have depressed moods,
lack of energy, not enjoying things they once liked,
trouble concentrating, inability to feel pleasure,
trouble making decisions, needing more sleep
or an inability to sleep, appetite changes
that make you lose or gain weight,
and thoughts of death or suicide.
Number four, seasonal affective disorder or SAD.
Commonly known as the winter blues,
seasonal affective disorder is a disorder
in which there is a predictable occurrence
of major depressive episodes, manic episodes,
or both at particular times of the year.
The typical pattern is the occurrence
of major depressive episodes
during the fall or winter months,
but in some cases can occur in spring and summer.
People with SAD typically sleep
much more than usual and crave carbohydrates.
They also have many of the normal warning signs
of depression, including feeling sad, cranky or hopeless,
less energy, trouble concentrating, greater appetite,
increased isolation, and thoughts of suicide.
Number five, postpartum depression,
sometimes referred to as baby blues.
Postpartum depression is a depressive episode
that affects some women within four weeks
to six months after childbirth.
According to Mayo Clinic, postpartum depression signs
and symptoms may include depressed mood
or severe mood swings, difficulty bonding with your baby,
withdrawing from family and friends,
loss of appetite or eating much more than usual,
inability to sleep or insomnia, or sleeping too much,
fear that you're not a good mother,
feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy,
severe anxiety and panic attacks,
thoughts of harming yourself or your baby
and recurring thoughts of death or suicide.
Number six, premenstrual dysphoric disorder or PMDD.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is an unusual disorder
in women that begins the week before menstruation begins
and subsides within the first few days of menstruation.
The symptoms must be severe enough to impair functioning
in social activities, work, and relationships.
Symptoms of PMDD include lasting irritability or anger
that may affect other people,
feelings of sadness or despair or even thoughts of suicide,
mood swings, or crying often,
lack of interest in daily activities and relationships,
feeling out of control, and physical symptoms
such as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches,
and joint or muscle pain.
Number seven, atypical depression.
Atypical depression is a major depressive episode
characterized by features that are unusual
in other forms of depression.
Most commonly, your depressed moods improve significantly
when you hear good news.
A person with atypical depression
may experience sadness or depressed mood most of the day,
but improves when something positive happens,
loss of enjoyment in once pleasurable things,
a major change in weight or appetite,
insomnia or excessive sleep almost every day,
feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
or excessive guilt, problems with concentrating
or making decisions almost every day.
And number eight, psychotic depression.
Psychotic depression is a subtype of major depression
that occurs when a severe depressive illness
includes a form of psychosis.
The psychosis can take forms such as hallucinations,
seeing, or hearing things that aren't there, delusions,
having false beliefs, or some other break with reality.
Common symptoms for patients who have psychotic depression
include agitation, anxiety, hypochondria,
intellectual impairment, physical immobility,
delusions, or hallucinations.
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Now that you know some of the different types of depression,
it's important to know that depression in any form
can be extremely hard to handle.
If you are struggling,
please reach out to a qualified mental health professional.
Getting in touch with the right person can help you
get your life back on track.
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