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Renowned worldwide for its beauty and symmetry, the Taj Mahal is the most famous landmark
in India. Located near the city of Agra, the Taj Mahal attracts millions of visitors each
year, who come to see its beauty and remember the romantic story of its origins.
The Taj Mahal - its name is Persian for 'Crown of Palaces' - is an elaborate mausoleum, or
tomb. It was built more than 350 years ago by Emperor Shah Jahan of India as a memorial
for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who had died.
Shah Jahan met his future wife when he was fifteen years old and she was fourteen, although
they were not married until five years later in 1612. Their marriage was a happy one, as
the two loved each other and were good friends as well. Shah Jahan gave his wife the title
Mumtaz Mahal, which means 'Chosen One of the Palace,' and together they had fourteen children.
It was while giving birth to her final child in 1631 that Mumtaz Mahal died. Shah Jahan
was heartbroken and decided to build a memorial for his beloved wife in Agra, on the banks
of the Yamuna river.
Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. It was an immense project: more than 20,000
workers were involved, and materials were transported by more than 1,000 elephants.
The style of the buildings was inspired by Persian, Islamic, and Indian architecture
and the tomb was finished with huge slabs of white marble and decorated with many precious
and semi-precious stones. Elaborate patterns of tile and even poems written on the walls
in careful calligraphy decorated nearly every surface. The tomb took about 12 years to build,
but the work was not over yet!
The tomb itself is only part of a much larger complex, and is surrounded by elaborate gardens
with pathways and pools of water that are positioned to catch beautiful reflections.
There are also minarets, a mosque, and a gateway. Construction of the rest of the complex took
an additional ten years, meaning that the entire project took 22 years to build. The
cost is estimated to have been 32 million Indian rupees, an equivalent of about $827
million US dollars today.
It is said that Shah Jahan planned to build a second Taj Mahal across the river from the
first, made completely of black marble, as his own tomb, but when his son overthrew him
and rose to power the plans were discarded. Whether this is true or not, it is probably
true that Shah Jahan did not plan to be buried in the Taj Mahal with his wife, but that is
where his son buried him when he died. A slightly larger tomb for Shah Jahan was added next
to Mumtaz Mahal's, marking the only place in the tomb that the symmetry is broken. Shah
Jahan and his Queen are not actually buried in the tombs that are on display: those are
empty. Instead, their bodies are buried beneath the Taj Mahal.
Through the centuries, the Taj Mahal has survived. It has been described as 'poetry in stone',
and 'a teardrop on the cheek of time,' and has been designated a World Heritage Site
for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India" and a "universally admired masterpiece". Today
it is a symbol of India and one of the most famous landmarks in the world, as well as
an enduring symbol of a love that was meant to last forever.
I hope you enjoyed learning about the Taj Mahal today. Goodbye till next time!