A man-to-man wargame (also known as a skirmish wargame) is a wargame in which units generally
represent single individuals or weapons systems, and are rated not only on weaponry but may
also be rated on such facets as morale, perception, skill-at-arms, etc.
The game is designed so that a knowledge of military tactics, especially at the small
unit or squad level, will facilitate successful gameplay.
Man-to-man wargames offer an extreme challenge to the designer, as fewer variables or characteristics
inherent in the units being simulated are directly quantifiable.
Modern commercial board wargaming stayed away from man-to-man subjects for many years, though
once the initial attempts were made to address the subject, it has evolved into a popular
topic among wargamers.
Man-to-man wargames have been a popular pastime for PC and console gamers, though "true" man-to-man
combat simulators are much more rare than action-adventure oriented first person shooters
which can probably be excluded from the topic of man-to-man wargames.
Early role-playing games were derived from skirmish wargames, and many are still played
as such.
Many early designs for man-to-man games had cumbersome pre-plotting of moves, others used
a system of multiple maps and umpires to try and create "fog of war" or uncertainty for
players.
Modeling conflict at this scale provides unique challenges to the game designer, who must
find a way to quantify variables such as human behaviour at an individual level; games at
higher (grand strategic, strategic, operational or tactical) levels can arguably have their
variables more easily quantified.
== List of wargames == Below is a list of man-to-man wargames in
the order in which they were introduced.
Western Gunfight Wargame Rules 1st Ed (Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Mike Blake 1970)
Western Gunfight Wargame Rules 2nd Ed (Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Mike Blake, 1971)
Colonial Skirmish Wargames Rules c1850-1900 (Mike Blake, Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Ted
Herbert, 1972) Sniper!
(SPI, 1973) Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900 (Skirmish
Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1974) Skirmish Wargaming (Donald Featherstone, 1975)
Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900 US Ed (Lou Zocchi/Skirmish Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike
Blake)), 1975) Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900 Parts One
& Two Revised Ed (Skirmish Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1978)
Once Upon a Time in the West: Rules for Gunfight Wargames (Ian S. Beck and John D. Spencer,
1978) Flintlock & Ramrod 1700-1850 Skirmish Wargames
Rules (Skirmish Wargames((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1980)
Twentieth Century Skirmish Wargames Rules Vol 1 Rules, Vol 2 Supplement, Vol 3 Tables
& Charts (Skirmish Wargames ((Colwill, Grainger & Swan), 1981)
Hetzer (TSR, Inc., 1988) Special Forces (TSR, Inc., 1988≠)
Patrol (SPI, 1973) City-Fight (SPI, 1979)
Trenchfoot (Game Designers' Workshop, 1981) Cry Havoc!
(Standard Games, 1981) Siege (Standard Games, 1983)
Outremer (Standard Games, 1985) Viking Raiders (Standard Games, 1987)
Samurai Blades (Standard Games, 1984) Dark Blades (Standard Games, 1986)
Dragon Noir 2 - The Challenge (Eurogames, 1993)
Up Front (Avalon Hill, 1983) Banzai (Avalon Hill, 1984)
Desert War (Avalon Hill, 1985) Gunslinger (Avalon Hill, 1983)
Close Assault (Yaquinto, 1983) Ambush!
(Victory Games, 1983) Move Out (Ambush!
module) (Victory Games, 1984) Purple Heart (Ambush!
module) (Victory Games, 1985) Silver Star (Ambush!
module) (Victory Games, 1987) Firepower (Avalon Hill, 1984)
Battle Cry (3W, 1986) Battle Hymn (Victory Games, 1986)
Leatherneck (Battle Hymn module)(Victory Games, 1988)
Platoon (Avalon Hill, 1986) Soldiers (West End, 1987)
Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader (Games Workshop, 1987)
Iron Cross (Strategy & Tactics Magazine, 1990) Shell Shock (Victory Games, 1990)
Special Forces (Dan Verssen Games, 2005) - a VASSAL-only card game also available as a
.pdf download.
Song of Blades and Heroes (Ganesha Games, 2007)
Whack & Slaughter (CatZeyeS Entertainment, 2010)
Deadzone (2012) Skirmish Tactics Apocalypse (2013)Some of
these games represent further development of earlier titles; for example Firepower is
a modern-set version of Close Assault, which is set in World War II, both from the same
designer.
Ambush! is an innovative solitaire game based on a system of paragraph readings and a sleeve-and-card
system that reveals data about the game environment as the player navigates his soldiers over
the map.
Set in the European Theatre of Operations in WW II, it spawned three sequels as well
as a second series of games set in the Pacific (Battle Hymn) as well as a two-player version
(Shell Shock).
Up Front is a man-to-man game, but its board was abstracted with the concept of relative
range and range chits.
The game was driven by cards, with individual soldiers represented by cards laid on a playing
surface.
Firepower was arguably the most detailed man-to-man treatment; there were, for example, arrow
counters to indicate which side of a tree a soldier might be lying behind.
== Miniature figurines and miniature scenery manufacturers ==
JR Miniatures Peter Pig
Miniature Building Authority Deimos Design Studio
Battlestations Brigade Models
Combat Wombat Critical Mass Games
DLD Productions Eureka Miniatures
Force XXI Miniatures GZG (Ground Zero Games)
Highlander Studios HOF (15mm.co.uk)
Irregular Miniatures Khurasan Miniatures
Kremlin Miniatures Laserburn (15mm.co.uk)
LKM Direct (QRF) Moonfleet Miniatures (ex Peter Pig Sci Fi)
Old Crow Models Pendraken Miniatures
Pole Bitwy Rebel Miniatures
Splintered Light Miniatures Spriggan Miniatures
Stan Johansen Miniatures Team Frog (Critter Commandoes)
The Scene Tinywargames
Topgun Marketing (Grav Armour) Zombiesmith (Aphids) oh and Quar
== Computer games == True "man-to-man" games on the computer are
rare, unless one counts first-person shooters (FPS).
Most FPS games, such as Medal of Honor or Call of Duty, are not realistic simulations
mainly due to the maze-like environment, scripted storyline, and unrealistic casualty assessment.
The focus of these games is individual action-adventure rather than simulation in a dynamic tactical
environment.
More realistic man-to-man "shooters" for the computer are known as tactical shooters; an
example is Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis.
OFP and its sequels allow the player to give limited tactical commands to an entire squad
of men while still engaged in a first person perspective, and in online play several dozen
players could take on individual personas in various small-unit missions.
Fatal and non-fatal wounds to the player's character were realistically implemented.
While storylines were still heavily scripted for solo play, this actually increased the
level of realism in the simulation.
Third-person man-to-man games have not been successfully translated to the computer in
any large numbers.
They include third-person shooters and tactical role-playing games.
Notable examples of third-person man-to-man games on the computer include:
Sniper!
(CompuServe, late 1980s) - a computer version of the boardgame, found on CompuServe.
Avalon Hill's Squad Leader (MicroProse, 2000) - based on Soldiers at War, Jagged Alliance,
and X-COM, this was a man-to-man game with true fidelity to man-to-man board wargaming,
being turn-based.
It was not well received commercially or critically.
Silent Storm (Nival Interactive, 2003) GI Combat (Freedom Games, 2002)
Eric Young's Squad Assault (Matrix Games, 2003) - a rework of the unsuccessful GI Combat
by the same developer.
Computer Ambush (SSI, 1984) - The game came with two laminated village maps for players
to plot moves on.
Each unit was a single soldier.
Players would take turns giving their soldiers orders, then the computer would process the
moves and display the results to each player before they could enter their next set of
orders