Hello. I’m Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English,
IELTS preparation. Today we're going to look at a topic you've probably heard a
lot about
global warming and the environment fist we're going to look at ways of
brainstorming
taking night and developing ideas watch while we placed in vision that contains
ideas about the causes and effects of global warming
while you watch try tonight down some of the ideas about what global warming
is
there
well
I K say you saw some ideas and perhaps took some nights during that click
what were some of the ideas you saw what has caused global warming
there
well
we saw
gases in the air cars factory waste
and people cutting trees down so he made those nights
you get an idea that these are the things causing global warming
now let's listen to someone talk about the causes
heat-trapping gases are building up in the atmosphere
hate tracking gases a building up in the atmosphere
what else so
what is global warming it's the result billion the decisions
it's caused by decisions made by individuals like driving big cars
rather than small cars and it's caused by decisions made by corporations and
nations
bucked up in West into the atmosphere global warming is caused by people using
be cars and people dumping waste into the atmosphere
I K so you've looked at the vision and listen to the sake at
and you've made nights about some of the causes of global warming
now let's look for some of the effect
there
so after watching that you might be thinking that global warming is having
an effect
on weather patterns and on nature this into the speaker
nature is already responding to global warming there have been changes in
global weather patterns
trees are flowing earlier birds are laying eggs earlier
butterflies and looking at Hill's site de
have being with the changes and changes to the ways
trays good and butterflies behave
so we have a list of courses analyst on
effects you might have identified those things from it takes two bread
or from listening to someone speak this is how you can take nights once you've
got your nights
you need to be able to link those causes an effect in sentences
let's look at a couple of different ways the first
and most basic way is just making a sequence statements
this can sometimes be a powerful way of making a connection between things
missin
heat-trapping gases are building up in the atmosphere
trees a flower in earlier Birds online exile you
and butterflies are moving up hills from the sacred information
we realized that birds and laying their eggs elia
because gas is on making the earth warmer so a simple list
statements can show a cause-and-effect relationship
but there are other ways to a you can use the language of cause and effect
we can say X causes why
driving cars causes air pollution
there and many other which choice is as well
driving cars late Stuy a pollution
driving cars results in a pollution
notice you can also attend the sentence
around air pollution is caused by
driving cars evolution
is the result love driving cars air pollution
is due to driving cots this into an example here
the
changes in global weather patterns trees a flower in earlier
birds LNX earlier butterflies and moving up hills
so what is a global warming it's a result a billion the decisions
he's talking about global warming
global warming is the result all
billions of decisions global warming
is due to a billions of decisions and remember we can't end a sentence
around and change the phrase billion tough decisions
cause global warming billion tough decisions
result in global warming billions of decisions
lauge to global warming when you're writing about causes
and effects make sure you use a variety of these kinds of races
there are many to choose from and you should make least of course
and effects language and the cons a vocabulary
you can use to describe cause-and-effect relationships
now listen to another click trees are flowing earlier
Birds online exam earlier butterflies in with your pills
so what is global warming it's the result a billion the decisions
when you're writing up unites using cause-and-effect
language you need to be able to follow all track
the subject to the text let's look at that now
what is global warming is the result %uh
billion the decisions the word eat here
is cold a referent we use reference
to identify and track subject through a conversation
or a piece of writing if you repeat the subject to many times
you were close and boring listen to these the woman came into the room
the woman sat down the woman
truck hit a look at how we use
reference the woman came into the rain
she sat down she drank hit a
when you are raiding you need to be able to understand reference
and followed the subject 3d text
other reference the that
days toys his the club again
this into the way the reference I used what is global warming
it's the result a billion the decisions the wood
eat here refers to global warming what is global warming
global warming is the result billions of decisions
and his another referent what is global warming
it's the result billion the decisions you can't manage that the scale the
individual
he said you can't manage that
at the scale of the individual he maintains
you can't manage global warming at the scale of the individual
but notice how the subject changes what is global warming
it's the result a billion the decisions you can't manage that scale the
individual
managing the atmosphere has to take place
at a global level that's why it needs international agreements
managing the atmosphere has to take place at a global level
the subject to the sentence is managing
the atmosphere that's why it need international agreement
so the eat here no longer refers to global warming
now it is referring to managing
the atmosphere that's why managing the atmosphere
made international agreement when reading and writing
you must be very careful tonight is when subjects change
and to be clear about which subject is being referred to a
this can be quite tricky sometimes next time you see a paragraph
tried to highlight all the reference like eat
base that these
those he she day
then try to work out what subject they are all referring back to
it's a great exercise and it will help your rating
writing and speaking skills and that's all for today
how do you keep enjoying your English Studies and study english
I'll see you next time
I'm poem