a glutton ation and precipitation can be
used for the detection of antibodies or
antigens in the agglutination of antigen
coated particles there is detection of
specific antibodies in ethel nama tree
there can be quantification of proteins
in serum plasma or cerebral spinal fluid
immuno precipitation can be used for the
isolation of specific antigen from a
mixture of antigens and radial amino
diffusion used for the quantification of
antigens in agglutination assays
particles are coated with either
antibody or antigen in this case the
particle is being coated with the IgG
antibody you now have a particle these
sensitized with IgG a rheumatoid factor
negative serum will not cause
agglutination of these particles however
if a patient has rheumatoid factor which
are Auto antibodies directed to the FC
part of IgG then addition of serum from
that rheumatoid factor positive patient
will cause agglutination in nephelometry
the presence of an analyte in a test
sample can be detected specific
polyclonal antibodies are mixed with the
sample containing the suspected analyte
these are added to a KU vet and immune
complexes will form if there is the
analyte for that particular antibody
present in the test sample laser light
is then shown onto the cuvette and there
will be light scatter depending upon the
amount of immunoprecipitate that is
formed the light scatter is detected
using a photo diode the light scatter is
proportional to the number of immune
complexes in other words the
concentration of the analyte in
immunoprecipitation
there is a mixture of antigens with the
antigen of interest but also other
antigens a excess of immobilized
antibody specific for the antigen of
interest is added this causes
precipitation when the antigen of
interest is found by the antibody
immobilized onto for example a particle
and these immobilized antibodies bound
to the antigen of interest can then be
deposited at the bottom of a test tube
using centrifugation these can then be
washed with a fresh solution to remove
any unbound antigen and then the
antibody denatured to release or elute
the antigen of interest thereby
isolating that specific action from a
mixture of antigens in radial immuno
diffusion there is an agarose gel
containing specific polyclonal antibody
wells are cut into the gel and the test
sample added to one of the wells
there are also standards with defined
concentrations of the antigen added to
the gel after 24 to 48 hours precipitant
rings will be produced as the analyte
diffuses into the gel specific antibody
binds and the precipitate forms the size
of the precipitation ring depends on the
quantity of analyte loaded
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