- Hallo massage nerds.
Today I'm gonna be doing less than 10 muscles
of mandibular movement, and head and neck movement.
And I want you to meet Siri,
I named her Siri and she doesn't talk to me.
I actually asked the cosmetology department
and they donated this for us.
So I'm very grateful, thank you very much.
I knew I wasn't gonna find anybody
that was gonna let me draw the facial muscles on their face.
So anyway I drew on her
and this is gonna help for future classes.
So we're gonna talk about the facial muscles first.
And we have over 43 muscles on the face
and we have over 10,000 different expressions
that we can make.
From happy to sad to pouting, to surprise.
So that's a lot, 10,000 facial expressions
that we can make with 43 muscles.
Well, let's talk about the occipitofrontalis.
Remember, think of the name,
what is the name telling you?
Occipitofrontalis, is it originates
on the occipital part of your head
and then it goes up and it goes all the way
onto right above them eyebrows.
And this is the frontalis, this is the frontalis,
this is the occipital.
And it's connected by the epicranial aponeurosis.
So this one is the one that raises your eyebrows,
like when you're flirting with somebody, "Hey baby,"
and you're raising your eyebrows,
it's your occipitofrontalis muscle.
So then we have your orbicularis oculi
and lemme see, lemme see how,
orbicularis is nothing more than small circle.
And it's a sphincter.
Anytime that you have orbicularis
in it it's circular, 'cause it means small circle.
The orbicularis oculi is for your winking muscle.
That's another one for flirting
or closing your eye, one eye at a time or closing both eyes
because remember all the muscles that I draw
you do have 'em on both sides.
So this is the orbicularis oculi,
and that's your winking muscle.
Your orbicularis oris is your mouth, around your mouth
and this is your kissing muscle.
When you're gonna kiss somebody.
So this is your kissing muscle.
I did not draw the platysma
because the platysma would have covered
too much of this here
but the platysma originates underneath the deltoid
and pec major right under here by the clavicle,
and then it inserts underneath the mandible,
that one is you're pouting muscle
'cause when you're pouting it brings it down.
It's a muscle, like covers your chest here and goes up.
I probably hit my microphone, didn't I?
But anyway, it's a muscle that covers your chest
and it goes right up underneath your mandible,
that's the platysma and that's known as the pouting muscle.
Right here you have you zygomaticus,
which is right and obviously originates
on the zygomatic arch
and it inserts right at the upper lip.
This is the one that gives you dimples.
There's a split right here, when there's a split right here
which is actually a mutation.
So it's actually very rare for people to have dimples.
So it's more of, that makes you very different.
So when the muscle pulls up,
that's what causes the indentation
and that's where you get dimples from.
Then you have, Oh, let's talk about the temporalis muscle,
it originates in the temporal fossa
and then it inserts on the mandible.
And this one is goes underneath the zygomatic,
the zygomatic arch.
So it goes underneath the zygomatic arch
and inserts the coronoid process of the mandible.
And then you have your masseter,
your masseter muscle is your strongest muscle in the body.
It can exert up to 200 pounds when you're chewing
depending whether you're using molars or incisors.
So this is a strongest muscle
and then is the uterus.
The uterus has to contract really strong
to push that baby out, and then the gluteus maximus.
The gluteus maximus is the largest strongest
but for this being such a small muscle,
it exerts and it is considered
the strongest muscle in the body, the masseter.
And then moving to the other side,
we've got your lateral pterygoid and your medial pterygoid.
Your medial pterygoid is very similar,
almost the same as the masseter muscle.
These originate in the sphenoid bone,
remember the sphenoid bone is behind your eyes.
So this originate by this lateral side of the sphenoid bone
and then the lateral pterygoid inserts at the TMJ.
So it's very important that when you have a client
that's having problems with TMJ
if you wanna do the intra-oral massage,
of course you wear a glove and you go inside the mouth,
and you wanna make sure you go this far very gentle
'cause that really does hurt.
So you wanna make sure and work the TMJ
and you would work out the medial pterygoid
even with the outside hand.
And then of course the masseter,
you would also work the masseter on both sides.
And also you have your parotid gland,
your parotid gland is the largest salivary gland
and it's right here close to the ear lobe.
You wanna be careful not to put too much pressure on them
because there is the parotid gland,
it's a large salivary gland,
so know the difference.
What you can do is you can ask your your client
to kinda bite down and that way
you can distinguish where the masseter muscles are
on both sides.
And that I mentioned that
the orbicularis means little circles
so I think that's it for the facial muscles.
And we do have 43 facial muscles
and we have over 10,000 facial expressions that we make.
So, the face is really complex.
All the facial expressions that we can make
from smiling, to pouting, to frowning,
and it takes approximately 12 muscles
for smiling and 11 for pouting, I mean for frowning.
And I found a difference from different sources
'cause I use my book and then I also use other apps
like the "Trail Guide to the Body,"
and sometimes even Google.
I found three different sources
that said three different things.
One said 12 to smile and 11 to frown,
another one said 10 to smile and six to frown.
And then I found something else that said 26 to smile
and 62 to frown, so do your own research guys.
I always say check it out.
Another thing that I just wanted to tell you
about this is useless information
is that the thinnest skin of your body is over your eyelids.
It does have all three layers,
however it is the thinnest,
the thinnest of your body, that's skin.
So these are the facial mandibular movements.
So let's talk about that.
So let's talk about the depression,
is when you're opening up your mandible,
depression is opening up your mandible.
You're depressing your mandible now.
So this one, it takes the lateral pterygoid
and the platysma, remember the platysma is this muscle here.
So it's pulling your mandible down, correct?
And then elevation is when you close your mouth.
So you're depressing, now you're elevating.
So that will be the temporalis,
the temporalis and the masseter
'cause they're pulling up, shutting down.
Now they're pulling it back up.
So that'd be the temporal,
the masseter and medial pterygoid.
Now protraction, protraction is when
you stick your mandible out.
Now, the maxilla does not move.
Remember the maxilla is two bones and it does not move,
the only one that moves is the mandible.
So protraction is sticking your chin out,
that's protraction.
And that's the masseter pulling it out
and the lateral and medial pterygoids.
And retraction, putting it back.
So what do you think that would do?
That would be the temporalis, it's retracting it back.
So this is protraction, retraction.
Now excursion, excursion is the medial
and lateral pterygoids and this is excursion,
when you move your mandible sideways, so that's excursion,
when you move your mandible just one side.
And I do ask my clients to do that
when I am doing the intra-oral massage.
I ask them, I don't say excursion question,
'cause they don't know but I know it's called excursion.
So they move their mandible laterally
and that's from the medial
and lateral pterygoids do that movement.
So that is for the mandible movements.
So now let's move to the head and neck movements.
Right here, you've got your SCM,
which is short for sternocleidomastoid.
If you can say sternocleidomastoid three times,
you know your medical terminology.
So sternocleidomastoid has two origins,
the one on the sternum, sterno, cleido for clavicle
and then mastoid 'cause it inserts
right at the mastoid process.
So sternocleidomastoid is this muscle,
and of course you have it on both sides.
And this one's known as the brain muscle
because when you engage both of them,
it's the one that helps you to bow your head
for respect or for praying,
so it's called the praying muscle.
And the splenius capitis is the mirror image of the SCM.
So the splenius capitis, this one originates from C7
to T1, two, three, four
and I couldn't draw the thoracic.
So it's pretty low down here.
So it goes from around here
and then also inserts at the mastoid process.
So if this one flexes the neck forward,
guess what the this one does?
The splenius capitis will extent.
So you've got your splenius capitis,
and then you've got your splenius cervicis
and this one originates from T3, four, five, six,
and then it inserts at
the first, second, and third cervicals.
So that the splenius capitis,
splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid.
Now let's talk about the scalenes.
The scalenes is a set of three muscles
that originate from the transverse processes
of the cervicals.
So you've got your scalenes anterior
and that one originates from C3, four, five, and six,
and it inserts on the first rib on the anterior part.
And then you have your scalenes medias
and that one originates from C2,
three, four, five, six, and seventh,
and it originates in the transverse processes of C2
through C7, and it goes in the middle part.
And then the posterior scalenes originates
from five, six, and seven,
and it inserts a little bit more posterior.
Now the scalene muscles assist also with breathing.
Oh and this one inserts,
the scalene posterior inserts on the second rib,
the other two insert on the first rib under the clavicle
and this one in inserts in the second rib.
So these muscles right here, the scalenes are very important
for you to work 'em,
for people that might have thoracic outlet,
thoracic outlet is, we have a plexus of muscles
that go between, there's a little triangle right here
and this little triangle
and you can see a perfect right here,
this is soft tissue between the SCM and the splenius capitis
and you have your scalenes going through here,
and you have major nerves that go through here.
Your axillary nerve, your media nerve, your radial nerve,
your ulnar nerve, your musculocutaneous nerve,
they go through here
and sometimes they get trapped by the scalene.
So I have a video that you might wanna watch
that I show how to work the scalenes
'cause you need to have training,
you need to have either neuromuscular
or medical massage training
because you don't wanna put pressure
if you don't know what you're doing.
So these muscles can entrap the nerves
and they also elevate.
They help with respiration,
they're muscles of respiration also,
they help the diaphragm
'cause they lift your ribs up.
So these are, along with the pec minor,
these also help with respiration and the intercostals.
So now let's talk about the movements of the head and neck.
So you have your flexion, which flexion would be forward,
and that's your sternocleidomastoids and scalenes,
anterior and scalenes medias.
And then for extension, that would be your back muscles
pulling from the back.
That would be your splenius capitis, splenius cervicis,
your trapezius and your longissimus.
And then for lateral rotation, lateral rotation is,
and this is the way when you're working on your client,
that you should be lateral, lateral flexion, I'm sorry,
not rotation, lateral flexion,
you should be flexing this way.
So that when you're turning your head,
to the ear to shoulder, that's your trapezius,
your levator scapulae which we did that,
the levator scapulae that goes
from the scapula and inserts right here on the cervicals,
I'm sorry, originates from the cervicals,
C1, two, three and four,
and then it inserts on the, I'm sorry,
I haven't done that lesson in a while, in the scapula.
So you've got your levator scapulae,
your SCM, your sternocleidomastoid
and your scalenes and your, I reset that,
the capitis and the cervicis that is for lateral flection.
Now for rotation, this is head rotation,
oh, that felt good, I just pop my neck.
So that again is the SCM, the trapezius,
the scalenes anterior
and the
cervicis and capitis,
the splenius cervicis and capitis also that is for rotation.
So I think that's pretty much it.
Oh, the occipital, suboccipitals,
there's eight suboccipitals, four on each side
and I didn't draw those cause it was really hard to draw
underneath her hair
but they look like little spiders right here.
And these are considered the ghost headache muscles.
So make sure that when you are working on people,
especially if they have occipital headaches,
you make sure you work the suboccipitals,
all of these muscles.
Now you understand why you guys have to work the neck,
why so many people especially right now
with people looking down,
you really wanna work the splenius capitis, cervicis,
the SCM right here at the mastoid process,
all the scalenes, down the lamina groove,
I tried to do the cervicals one,
two, three, four, five, six seven.
Remember the C7 is the most prominent.
So these are your cervicals, there are seven of them.
And so anyway, this is the occipitofrontalis
'cause it goes from the occiput to the frontal.
So here is Siri, she let me work with her very well.
I hope this was fun for you guys.
It was fun for me, lemme tell you it was really fun
drawing on this mannequin.
And so this is gonna be your homework guys.
This is less than 10.
We only have one more to go,
which is lesson 11 and I'm gonna split it into two.
And I can't believe that we've come this far,
we're almost done with kinesiology,
and I'll continue making other videos.
And I finally learned getting better at drawing the muscles
and we're almost done, but anyway I hope this helps.
This is gonna be your homework guys.
And thank you for your support,
for your kindness, for your messages,
and until the next time, create a great day.