A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two
or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in
turn induces a varying electromotive force or EMF in a second coil.
Power can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the
two circuits.
There are several transformer types used in the electrical power system for different
purposes, like in power generation, distribution and transmission and utilization of electrical
power.
In this video I will going to show you Different types of Transformer.
There are seven categories of transformer are made for different purposes.
1.
According to Construction.
2.
According to Core Medium.
3.
According to Voltage Level.
4.
According to Type of supply.
5.
According to Their use.
6.
According to Instrument Transformer.
7.
According to the Place of Use.
According to Construction.
The construction of a transformer is dependent upon how the primary and secondary windings
are wound around the central laminated steel core.
The two most common and basic designs of transformer construction are the, core type Transformer
and the Shell type Transformer.
Core Type Transformer.
In core type transformer, windings are cylindrical former wound, mounted on the core limbs as
shown.
The cylindrical coils have different layers and each layer is insulated from each other.
Low voltage windings are placed nearer to the core, as they are easier to insulate.
Sell type Transformer.
The coils are former wound and mounted in layers stacked with insulation between them.
A shell type transformer may have simple rectangular form or it may have a distributed form.
According to Core Medium.
Based on the medium placed between the primary and secondary winding the transformers are
classified as, Air core transformer and Iron core transformer.
Air Core Transformer.
The primary and secondary windings wounded on non-magnetic strip where the flux linkage
between primary and secondary is through the air.
The mutual inductance effect is less in air core compared to iron core i.e. the reluctance
offered to the generated flux is high in the air medium where as in the iron core it is
less.
But the hysteresis and eddy current losses which are dominant in iron core type are less
or completely eliminated in air core type transformer.
Iron Core Transformer.
The primary and secondary windings are wound on multiple iron plate bunch which provide
a perfect linkage path to the generated flux.
It offers less reluctance to the linkage flux due to the conductive and magnetic property
of the iron.
These are widely used transformers in which the efficiency is high compared to the air
core type transformer.
According to Voltage Level.
These are the most commonly used transformer types for all the applications.
Depends upon the voltage ratios from primary to secondary windings, the transformers are
classified as, step-up and step-down transformers.
Step Up Transformer.
On a step-up transformer there are more turns on the secondary coil than the primary coil.
The induced voltage across the secondary coil is greater than the applied voltage across
the primary coil or in other words the voltage has been stepped-up.
Step Down Transformer.
A step down transformer has less turns on the secondary coil that the primary coils.
The induced voltage across the secondary coil is less the applied voltage across the primary
coil or in other words the voltage is stepped-down.
According to Type of supply.
These are the most commonly used transformer types for Depends on supply line.
There are classified as, Single Phase Transformer and Three Phase Transformer.
Single Phase Transformer.
Single-phase transformers accept single-phase AC power and output single-phase AC power,
typically at a higher or lower voltage level.
Energy is transferred from one circuit to one or more circuits via electromagnetic induction.
Three Phase Transformer.
Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation,
transmission, and distribution.
It is a type of poly phase system and is the most common method used by electrical grids
worldwide to transfer power.
According to Their Use.
According to the necessity, these are classified as the power transformer, distribution transformer
measuring transformer, and instrument transformer.
Power Transformer.
A transformers located directly next to a power plant is called GSU Generator Step-up
Unit.
A GSU transforms the electric power from the medium voltage of the generators to the high
voltage transmission level.
To balance power flow between parallel power lines, phase shifters can be used.
Distribution Transformer.
A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage
transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in
the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.
Instrument Transformer.
Instrument transformers are high accuracy class electrical devices used to isolate or
transform voltage or current levels.
Instrument transformer are classified as, Current transformer and Potential transformer.
Current Transformer CT.
A current transformer is an electric device that produces an alternating current in its
secondary which is proportional to the AC current in its primary.
Potential Transformer PT.
Voltage transformers, also called potential transformers PT, are a parallel connected
type of instrument transformer.
They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate
voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.
According to the Place of Use.
These are classified as indoor and outdoor transformers.
Indoor transformers are covered with a proper roof like as in the process industry.
The outdoor transformers are nothing but distribution type transformers.
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