Introduction to the Delta Wye transformer connection
part 2.
In part 1, we illustrated a very commonly connected delta wye transformer connection.
In part 2, we’ll look at the relationship between the line-to-line voltage and phase voltage for the Delta and Wye connection.
Check out the resources section under this video for helpful comments, suggestions, and clarifications.
We understand that phase voltage are voltage measured across transformer windings.
Let’s illustrate primary phase A voltage. Which is measured across the polarity side of winding A
and the none polarity side of winding A.
similarly, we’ll illustrate primary phase B voltage and primary phase C voltage.
On the secondary side, we’ll illustrate secondary phase a, secondary phase b voltage, and secondary phase c voltage.
Line-to-line voltages however, are measured across two lines.
The most common line-to-line voltage are measured across line a to line b.
From line b to line c. and from line c to line a.
So on primary side where our transformer is connected in Delta.
We should expect the line-to-line voltage across line A and line B to equal our phase A voltage.
Now it’s very important to visually verify this relationship to get an intuitive understanding.
Suppose we labeled point A and point B as the point of measurements.
Point A is the same point on the line as polarity side of winding A.
And point B is the same point on the line as non-polarity side of winding A.
So if we measure across point A and point B,
we’re actually measuring across the polarity side of winding A
and the non-polarity side of winding A.
Which we earlier defined as our Phase A voltage.
Similarly, the line-to-line voltage across line B and line C is equal to phase B voltage.
And the line-to-line voltage across line C and line A is equal to phase C voltage.
So for a Delta connected transformer, we should expect the voltage across two lines to equal the voltage across a single winding.
Or in other words, the line-to-line voltage equals the phase voltage.
On the secondary side where our transformer is connected in wye.
We’ll have a different relationship between the line-to-line voltage and phase voltage.
This relationship is discussed in great detail in a different module.
So check out the resource section for more information.
The most common line-to-line measurements are across line a and line b.
Across line b and line c.
And lastly, across line a and line a.
The line-to-line voltage measurements across line a and line b is equal phase a voltage minus phase b voltage.
For a Wye connected transformer, if we look at the magnitudes alone,
we should expect the line-to-line voltage to equal the square root of 3 times the phase voltage.
There is certainly going to be some phase shift involved between the two voltages.
So if you look at the phase angle relationship,
we should expect a 30 degrees phase shift between the line-to-line voltage and phase voltage.
Again, this is covered in great detail in a different module.
So what’s the line-to-line voltage between line b and line c?
That’s right, it’s phase b voltage minus phase c voltage.
Which is equal to the square root of 3 times the magnitude of phase b voltage.
Which is also equal to the square root of 3 times the magnitude of phase c voltage.
Or simply the square root of 3 times the magnitude of any phase voltage.
And of course, we’re assuming that we have a balanced set of voltages.
When I was first learning this, it helped me to visualize the relationship between the line-to- line voltage and phase voltage
when looking at actual numbers
If we took a super duper volt meter and measured across line A and line B on the primary side
of our transformer, we should expect 4160V. This is our line-to-line voltage we assumed in part 1.
Now since the primary side of our transformer is connected in delta
we should expect that the line-to-line voltage to equal our phase voltage.
So we take our super duper volt meter and somehow get inside out transformer,
and measure the difference in potential between the polarity side of winding A and none-polarity side of winding A,
we should expect a voltage of 4160V.
Similarly, the voltage across line B and line C is equal to 4160.
And the line-to-line voltage across line C and line A should also equal 4160V.
Both phase B and phase C should also equal 4160V.
So for a delta connected transformer, the line- to-line voltage is equal to the phase voltage.
On the secondary side where our transformer is connected in Wye,
if we measure the voltage across line A and line B we should expect 480V for the line-to- line voltage.
Again, this is the voltage that we defined in Part 1.
So what voltage should we expect if we measured across the polarity side of winding a and none-polarity side of winding a?
Well we would have to derive that from the line-to-line voltage.
Remember the relationship? For a wye connected transformer, the line-to-line voltage across line A and line B
is equal to Phase a voltage minus Phase b voltage.
Which is equal to the square root of three times any phase voltage.
Since we already know that our line-to-line voltage is 480V,
we simply solve for the phase voltage by dividing 480V by the square root of 3.
Which gives us approximately 277V.
So phase a voltage is qual to 277V.
Similarly phase b voltage is equal to 277V.
And phase c voltage is also equal to 277V.
And the line-to-line voltage across line b and line c, is equal to 480V.
And the line-to-line voltage across line c and line a is equal to 480v.
In this part, we looked at the line-to-line voltage and phase voltage relationship
for a delta wye transformer connections.
In part 3, we’ll look at the line current and phase current relationship.
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