hi let's continue to talk about in this video we'll talk about the abdominal aorta and its
branches and derivatives so the abdominal aorta is the continuation of the order beyond the diaphragm
and there are two major sets of vessels there are the visceral branches the visceral branches supply
blood to the abdominal pelvic viscera and the parietal branches which supply blood to the body
wall with respect to the visceral branches there are several of importance three in particular that
are arising from the anterior aspect of the Horta these are the celiac trunk which supplies blood
to the foregut in its derivatives thus pure mesenteric artery which supplies blood to the
mid gut and its derivatives in the inferior mesenteric artery which supplies blood to
the hindgut and its derivatives in addition to that there are several lateral branches of the
abdominal aorta so inferior phrenic arteries that supply blood to the diaphragm middle super renal
arteries to supply blood to the super renal glance renal arteries taking blood to the kidneys to be
filtered and gonad alar Therese which supply blood to either the ovaries or the testes there are also
several major types of parietal branches and the parietal branches generally come off of the aorta
post arrow laterally so we really wouldn't be able to see them in this plane the inferior
phrenic branches we've discussed already because they come off laterally but coming off at regular
intervals our lumbar arteries to supply the lumbar region with blood and then a median sacral artery
which descends before the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries to supply the anterior
aspect of the sacrum of blood the remainder of the blood travels out through the common iliac
arteries which eventually is going to supply the lower limbs and the pelvis with blood so here
we can see a cadaveric abdominal aorta we can see there's one margin of it there's the other margin
of it let's clear it off and we can see some of those major anterior branches the celiac trunk
the superior mesenteric the inferior mesenteric we can also see inferior phrenic arteries we can see
a renal artery here a left renal artery this is an accessory renal artery and we could also see a gondal artery descending there so again here is the abdominal aorta and we can see that it rests
left lateral to the inferior vena cava which is right there so the abdominal aorta is on the left
the left of the individual and the inferior vena cava is on the right the celiac trunk is one of
the larger branches of the abdominal aorta and it serves the embryonic foregut and its derivatives
which are the abdominal esophagus which is the distal portion of the esophagus the stomach and
the proximal duodenum there are three major branches to the celiac trunk these include the
left gastric the splenic and the common hepatic artery and let's take a look at the distribution
of some of these vessels so the splenic artery is a rather impressive large torturous artery that
leaves the celiac trunk and travels left laterally across the superior margin of the pancreas we
can't see it here because it's occluded by the stomach but its target is the spleen it's going
to send out numerous small branches to and through the pancreas it's also going to send
out short gastric branches to the stomach splenic branches to the spleen and a left gastro omental
branch which is going to be one of two branches that supplies the greater curvature of the
stomach and greater omentum with blood the other being the right gastro mental branch the common
hepatic artery is going right lateral from the celiac trunk and it's going to give off a gastro
duodenal artery and that gastroduodenal artery is going to provide us with the right gastro omental
branch which supplies the greater curvature of the stomach and omentum with blood it also supplies
portions of the duodenum and pancreas with blood and beyond that gastroduodenal artery we have
the H a P which is the hepatic artery proper and the hepatic artery proper is going to divide into
left and right branches of the hepatic artery proper to deliver richly oxygenated blood
to the liver and it's also going to supply blood to the gall bladder as well the other branch of
the celiac which we haven't discussed is the left gastric and the left gastric supplies blood to the
lesser curvature of the stomach and it also has some help from the right gastric which is a branch
of the hepatic artery proper so if we think the lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the
gastric branches whereas the greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum are supplied
by the gastro mental arteries next off of the abdominal aorta is the superior mesenteric artery
the origin of the superior mesenteric artery here is obscured by the mesentery but we can see the
vessel descending down through the mesentery and here it's giving off various intestinal branches
called jejunal and ileal branches so that the small intestine can be provided with blood there's
also an inferior pancreaticoduodenectomy the superior pancreaticoduodenal
artery the remainder of the superior mesenteric artery is going to supply the large intestine with
blood so here is the SMA descending down here are those intestinal arteries we have a middle colic
artery that goes up to supply the transverse colon with blood we have a right colic artery
which supplies the ascending colon with blood and we also have an iliecolic artery which
supplies the cecum as well as the distal parts of the ilium with blood there's the ileocecal
valve the connection of the small bowel to the large bowel and as you can see there's a
nice anastomosis between the ileal colic and the remainder of the superior mesenteric artery so
there's this glorious loop around and the SMA has some intestinal branches and then colic branches
now the interesting thing about the colic branches is that they all supply the marginal artery with
blood the marginal artery is an anastomotic cascade that surrounds the large intestine
where all of these branches right colic middle colic ileal colic and even branches from the
inferior mesenteric artery will anastomosis with to provide strong collateral circulation between
the mid gut and the hindgut so let's take a look at that so here is the abdominal aorta and there
is the inferior mesenteric artery the inferior mesenteric artery serves the embryonic hindgut
in its derivatives so everything from the splenic flexure approximately of the transverse colon
through to to the rectum is supplied by the IMA and there is a left colic artery to supply the
descending colon there are sigmoidal arteries which supply the sigmoid colon and then there is
a superior rectal artery to supply the superior rectum and likewise with the SMA we can see the
marginal artery hugging the margins of the colon and providing a fantastic anastomosis for these
branches of the IMA and these branches of the SMA the abdominal aorta splits anterior to the
vertebral column into the common iliac arteries so there's the abdominal aorta there are the common
iliac arteries and the common iliac arteries are going to divide into external and internal iliac
arteries the internal iliac arteries oftentimes referred to as the hypogastric arteries are going
to supply the pelvic viscera the perineum and the external genitalia with blood whereas the external
iliac arteries are going to be the blood supply to the lower lemon we can see those continuing on
that way at the inguinal ligament the external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery the
femoral artery is the major supply of blood to the thigh it gives off the deep femoral artery and
there is an amazing amount of anastomosis from branches to the knee called the geniculate
branches posterior to the knee the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery as it travels through
the popliteal fossa that popliteal artery is going to divide into an anterior tibial artery
to supply the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg and a posterior tibial artery to
supply the posterior compartment of the leg these arteries are going to descend the leg
the anterior tibial artery gives rise to the dorsalis pedis and the foot here the posterior
tibial artery is also going to continue on to the foot as well looking at the cadaveric
specimen before us this is a posterior view we can see the femoral artery coming out of the
adductor hiatus this region here is the popliteal fossa so this is behind the knee and the femoral
artery becomes the popliteal artery we can't see here the anterior tibial artery but we can see
the posterior tibial artery and that posterior tibial artery is going to give rise to both the
medial and the lateral plantar arteries that supply the medial portion of the foot and the
lateral portion of the foot respectively so we've talked about all of the major branches
of the abdominal aorta and the tissues that they supply stay tuned to talk about veins