Ali (00:00): All right.
So one of the most annoying problems that I face in my life is information overwhelm.
I read all these books, listen to all these podcasts, watch all these YouTube videos,
and consume all this stuff, but I end up information overloaded and don't really know what to do
with that information.
And that is what this book claims to solve.
This is Building a Second Brain, by Tiago Forte, which is what we're discussing in this
episode of Book Club, the ongoing series, where we distil and discuss highlights and
summaries from some of my favourite books.
And the whole idea is that this system, the second brain system, helps you solve that
problem.
Now, I've been using this system for the last several years.
I took Tiago's course, Building a Second Brain.
And so in this video, we're going to be talking about why you should build a second brain
and then how to build a second brain using the code framework.
And I'm going to share a bunch of examples about how this kind of thing has helped my
life so hopefully, it can help yours as well.
Ali (00:41): All right.
So let's start with the question of what is a second brain and why should you have one?
And to answer this, we need to start from the root problem, which is this idea of information
overwhelm.
We all have these dozens and dozens, apparently, 34 gigabytes a day of information is what
we consume.
There was this other news article that said we consume the equivalent of 174 full newspapers
every single day of our lives with all of the content that we get deluged with.
Now, the easy solution to this problem of information overload is to write things down.
And honestly, this is the first step that most of us don't even take.
We don't bother to write things down.
If you listen to something in a podcast or you come across a quote, or you have an interesting
thought, or you think of an interesting story that happened in your life or an anecdote,
we tend not to default to, I should probably write this down somewhere.
Ali (01:21): We tend to think, oh, I will just remember
the thing.
If it's from a podcast or a video, you think, yeah, I'm going to apply it to my life, and
you never end up applying it to your life.
Now, if we do decide to write things down as a way of combating information overload,
one old school way of doing that is called a commonplace book.
This is the sort of thing that the great artists in our time, and before, used to use to write
their thoughts down.
You've got people like Taylor Swift, who talk about how, whenever they have an interesting
thought in their day-to-day life, they write it down.
You've got comedians like Jerry Seinfeld, who say that whenever they think something
interesting or a funny little quip in the shower, they make sure to write it down on
a piece of paper.
This is a standard part of the creative process for so many people.
Jerry Seinfeld (01:55): I know you think people are going to be interested
in this, but they're not.
Ali (01:58): Even back in the day, people like Leonard
DaVinci used to apparently have a commonplace book where, as he was kind of going about
his life, he would gather inspiration and he would do these little sketches and he'd
put them all into a single book.
And then, that book became the source of his creativity.
It's where he would generate those ideas from.
Now, I do, in fact, carry a physical journal with me at all times to try and do this commonplace
book type thing.
But it's just doing it in an analogue system is pretty inefficient.
You can't search.
You can't organise.
It's a bit of a faff.
And so thanks to this tech-enabled world that we live in, instead of making an analogue
commonplace book, we can make a digital commonplace book.
So hypothetically, we could have a single source where anytime we come across inspiration
from anything at all in our lives, internally or externally, so externally might be books
or movies or podcasts or quotes, or a friend says something, and that sparks an interesting
thought in you, you have a place where you write it down in a digital kind of system.
Ali (02:45): Internally, it might be a random musing that
you have, or you're in the shower and you think of something or you're on a car journey
and you think, oh, this would be a cool thing to do.
It might be related to your job.
It might be related to your family.
And you think, you know what?
I should probably write this down.
And it goes into a digital system.
And this digital commonplace book is what Tiago Forte calls a second brain.
But why should you have a second brain in the first place?
What is the point of writing all this stuff down?
Now, again, if you are in the creative world, it's really abundantly obvious.
If you're a songwriter, if you're a poet, if you're a book writer, if you're a YouTuber,
if you're a podcaster, you need a place to capture ideas from all the world around you,
because it really helps you express your creativity.
Ali (03:19): Because now, it's not the case that you are
sitting down and thinking, shit, what do I write this week for my book or for my blog
or for my newsletter?
You're thinking, I have all these abundant ideas and I can just go through my little
second brain and I can decide what I want to write about this week.
And this is how basically all creatives have done it since the beginning of time.
But the question is, what if you're not?
What if you're one of those people that does not want to be a "content creator" in some
capacity, you'd have no aspirations of writing a book or starting a podcast or a newsletter
or anything obviously creative that requires you to do this kind of stuff.
Well, the thing that Tiago argues, and I fully agree with him on this, is that basically
every job in the world these days involves knowledge work of some kind.
Ali (03:56): Bertrand Russell, back in the day, used to
say that a job is moving matter at or above the Earth's surface, which I think it's quite
funny.
In the world that we live in today, there is a third form of job and that's moving knowledge,
moving information.
Getting information as inputs, doing something with it.
Are you processing it and then turning it into outputs of some sort?
Even something like being a doctor involves information.
You've got this profound amount of information as inputs, i.e. from medical journals and
textbooks and things, that turns into a knowledge bank in your head, but also externally.
And then you do stuff with that information and it gives you a result, i.e. tells you
what to do with your patient or what dose of drugs to prescribe or anything like that.
If you're working in a more normal job, like, I don't know, investment banking or consulting
or anything that involves making loads of PowerPoint slides, it's really all about information
input, processing, and output.
And that's basically what every single job involves.
Ali (04:39): We're now going to talk about the four parts
of the methodology for building a second brain, which is the code system, C, O, D, and E.
And once we've done that, I'm going to share with you some of my personal use cases, so
you can see what effect a second brain has had in my life, and then you can decide if
you want to build one for yourself, you want to get the book, any of that kind of stuff.
Ali (04:56): Now, the key insight here is a quote from
David Allen, from the book, Getting Things Done, amazing productivity book, which is
that your brain is for having ideas, not for holding them.
We spend so much of our kind of mental brain space trying to remember random stuff, whereas,
if we were able to capture all that random stuff into a note-taking app or a second brain
or into even pen and paper, any kind of system, it frees up our own brain to do the important
things, like be creative or make connections or self care or relaxation, or just having
fun, rather than having to remember what was on my calendar, what's on my to do list.
Now, the easy way of solving this problem for most people, and this is sort of the standard
part of any productivity system, is to have a calendar and a to-do list, so that you don't
have to remember what you're supposed to be doing at any given minute of the day.
Ali (05:36): And also, you don't have to remember what
all those random tasks were, your shopping list, that kind of thing.
That would be a real faff to remember in your head.
But one step beyond that, which is what the second brain talks about, is about how we
should capture any kind of idea that resonates with us and put it into this note-taking app.
If you're interested, that the app that I use these days is actually Apple notes.
I use Apple notes for most of my second brain use cases.
I use Notion for all the team-based stuff, when it comes to making videos, podcasts,
and things, because it's very good for team collaboration, but Apple notes is my second
brain.
I just capture everything.
Anytime I have a thought, it just goes straight into Apple notes.
And basically, the idea is that anything that feels resonant, anything that resonates with
me personally, is something I'm going to write down.
Ali (06:11): So this could be highlights from a book, for
example.
It could be an interesting quote that I've come across on a podcast or in real life.
It could be a website that I've liked, and I'm like, oh, this is a sick website.
I really want to remember this website or I really want to remember this blog post from
this website.
Let me just save it into Apple notes.
It could be notes from a meeting.
So for example, anytime I have a coaching call or if I have lunch with an author or
a creative friend, often we talk about interesting stuff and often I'll just think, you know
what?
Pause for a second.
That was really good point.
I'm just going to write that down.
And then I open up Apple notes and I write it down.
Oh, and speaking of capturing, quick thing.
If you have any video ideas that you'd like me to make on this channel, you can submit
them in a form that's linked down in the video description.
Ali (06:43): And if you submit an idea and we make the
video, we will pay you $100, either in U.S. dollars or in Bitcoin, depending on whichever
one is easier to send to you, depending on where you are in the world.
So $100 for video ideas, little competition envelope.
The other thing that I capture as well is, for example, my own thoughts.
So often, if I'm on a train journey, I'll just bust out the iPad, I'll open up Apple
notes and I'll just think, okay, what are some thoughts I've had in the last week that
I just want to write down?
And one of the learnings that I've picked up over the last couple of years is really
recognising that my own perspective is actually quite valuable.
And now that I'm, for example, writing a book, I'm coming across thoughts that I saved into
my note system a year ago, two years ago, and thinking, oh, this thought was actually
pretty reasonable, and this could actually form the basis of a few paragraphs or even
a whole book chapter.
Ali (07:26): And I completely forgot that I had the thought.
It wasn't in my first brain, because my brain is bad at remembering things.
It was in my second brain.
It was in my note-taking system, and then I could expand on that and it could become
kind of material for my book.
Within capturing so far, we've talked about manual ways of capturing stuff, like writing
things down, but there's also automatic ways of capturing stuff.
I've got a video up there about five apps that changed my life, and that talks about
an automated way of capturing highlights from books and articles and podcasts, and I use
that as well.
And so, over the last, I don't know, many, many, many years, I've built up hundreds,
if not thousands of highlights from all of the books and all of the articles that I've
ever read.
Ali (07:58): And that's been incredibly valuable for, again,
my own book project, but also for me thinking, I read this book about this thing and I know
I want to apply some of the insights from that to my life, but I can't remember what
those are, so let me revisit my highlights from that.
And people often ask, Ali, how are you so productive, et cetera, et cetera.
How do you seem to do the things without worrying about it so much?
Oh, to be honest, a big part of it is having a decent productivity system, having a way
to capture things into a digital system, so that my own brain does not have to remember
it.
And when you can free your own brain up of having to remember all the crap in your life,
then it really kind of reduces your own stress levels.
Ali (08:31): All right.
So the next step of the code framework is organised.
Now the idea here is now that we've captured all this stuff into this big-ass inbox, we
now want to organise it in some capacity.
Now, the wrong way, as Tiago says, the wrong way to organise notes is in terms of where
you found them.
So people will be tempted to be like, I want to have a book notes folder.
I want to have a podcast notes folder.
I want to have a lesson notes folder.
And the problem with that is that it's just not particularly useful.
Unless you decide one day, I just want to happen to look through my book notes, you're
probably not going to look through your book notes, because we don't have that much time
in our lives to revisit the stuff that we once thought was useful.
Instead, what Tiago suggests, and he talks about it extensively in the book, which kind
of gives a whole system for this, is to organise things by actionability.
Where will I potentially use this information?
Ali (09:11): So I've taken this onboard, and now anytime
I come across anything at all, whether it's a quote or a blog post or a podcast or whatever,
and it's relevant to the book that I'm writing, it goes straight into my book project folder.
And then I don't bother categorising and tagging and doing all of that crap.
I'm pretty messy in the way I do things.
I just chuck it into the book folder, knowing that it will be resurfaced whenever I need
it.
And knowing that, the nice thing about a digital system is that I can always use control F
or command F if I need to.
I can always search.
And search is now so good these days that you almost don't need a specific hierarchical
organisational system.
I'm, at the moment, really interested in the idea of longevity, really interested in how
do we live longer?
Ali (09:47): And so I've been reading books like Lifespan
by David Sinclair, listening to David Sinclair's podcast, listening to Huberman Lab's podcast,
and initially, I was tempted to organise it by topic.
Oh, these are my notes about health or about longevity.
But I know that's not particularly useful.
Instead, I'm organising it by actionability.
So I'm working on the script for a video called How I'm Trying to Live Forever, the Basics
of Anti-Ageing, and as I'm reading stuff, it's going into that particular project, which
means it's organised by this unit of output, the fact that I'm making a video about it,
or I might be writing a newsletter or sharing a blog post about it.
And even if I never end up making the thing, the fact that I'm organising it based on that
project rather than based on a topic means that I'm far more likely to be more targeted
in my approach.
Ali (10:23): This is the advice I give to students at university
and students in school of writing essays.
It's actually not very helpful to think I'm going to study philosophy today, or I'm going
to study biochemistry today, because how do you know?
What are you going to do?
What are you going to work on?
It's really hard to figure out what that means.
But if you organise your notes in the sense of, I need to answer the question of what
is the structure and function of the sodium potassium pump?
At that point, when you do your reading, it's very targeted.
You're looking for stuff around the sodium potassium pump.
It goes into that particular essay.
And now, as you're doing that, you're building up a mental map of the subject as a whole,
within this specific niche, rather than thinking I'm going to study physiology.
Ali (10:58): So it's the same concept, organised by actionability
rather than by topic.
It can sound pretty complicated.
It's sort of hard to explain this in a video, but you can get the book.
That'll be linked down below, if you want it.
At this point, we have captured loads of stuff.
We've organised it by actionability, but now we're left with this mess.
There's random quotes, random highlights, random blog posts.
How do we know what the important essence of that thing is?
And that's where distilling comes in.
Basically, Tiago talks about this whole method called progressive summarization, which is
basically highlighting, but highlighting on steroids.
Loads of us used to highlight in stuff when we were in school.
It's not particularly effective for retention in your own personal brain, but it is effective
for flagging up the areas which are particularly important.
Ali (11:35): And in the book, he's got a bunch of specific
examples about how to do this.
He also talks about this in his really expensive online course.
I took this course and I was a mentor on that course.
I'll put a link down below, if you want it.
And then the final method of the code framework is E for express.
And the idea basically here is you want to show your work.
Now, what am I doing?
Here, I am expressing.
I am converting my knowledge of personal knowledge management and reading this book and my favourite
highlights and stuff from this book into a video.
This is me expressing, this is me showing my work.
But if I wasn't making a video, if I wasn't a YouTuber, there are loads of other ways
to express work as well.
And really, that's the whole point of this second brain system, at the end of the day.
It's all well and good, hoarding ideas and keeping them in a note-taking app.
Ali (12:13): But unless we're expressing those ideas in
some way, unless we're sharing those ideas with the world, unless we're using them to
create something or make something of value, they're kind of useless.
I mean, I guess you could just sort of hoard the knowledge and then you could apply it
to your own life, but it's way nicer if you can share it with other people.
And basically, the point that Tiago makes is, again, almost every job involves expressing,
in some capacity.
If you're a management consultant and you're making a PowerPoint slide deck, you are expressing.
You are creating something.
That is your output from all of that information you've inputted and then you've then processed.
If you're an investment banker, you are creating something like your trading strategy.
If you're a musician, obviously you're creating stuff.
An artist, a writer, or a photographer, you are creating these tangible units of output.
Ali (12:48): And that's the whole idea behind this whole
framework, capturing, organising, and distilling, ultimately helps us express.
It helps us show our work.
It helps share our creativity, share whatever the thing we've been working on with other
people, and being able to do it with a digital commonplace, a second brain, a digital note-taking
system that brings all the ideas together, makes it way easier, way less friction, and
way less stress to do all of that stuff, which is an important part of our jobs anyway.
Ali (13:09): I want to now just share a couple of ways
in which the second brain has really helped me in terms of helping me be more productive,
but also be more creative and help my life become basically a lot less stressful.
And the first one is the idea of slow burns versus heavy lifts.
Before I discovered this system, when it came to making YouTube videos, for example, or
when it came to working on any kind of project, at the time I was working on a bunch of publications
that I was trying to go for, because I was applying for medical specialty training, et
cetera, et cetera.
Ali (13:33): I used to think of those things as a very
heavy lift project.
It was like, okay, I need to sit down and make a video this week.
What's the video going to be?
All right, let's do it.
I need to sit down and bash out this presentation I'm doing for the European Society for Gynaecological
Oncology, and figure out what I'm saying about this thing.
But one of the things that the course taught me, and he talks about this in the book as
well, is the idea of slow burns.
What you can do is work on multiple projects in parallel.
So right now, I've got about eight video ideas that I'm slowly tinkering with and working
on.
I've got various book chapters that are in various stages of completion.
Back in the day, when I was in medicine, I had a bunch of medical projects that were
at various stages of completion.
Ali (14:06): And the idea is as I'm going through my life,
as I'm coming across interesting information that I can put into these projects, it's going
into my system and it's going into the projects, and therefore, all of the projects are on
a bit of a slow burn and they sort of simmer away and get slowly, progressively more cooked
over time, which means when it comes to sit down and actually turn it into a book chapter
or turn it into a video or turn it into a presentation or a poster for a medical conference,
it means most of the work has already been done.
And now, my job is to just assemble things.
And secondly, the system has also really helped with my own teaching work.
I enjoy teaching.
Teaching is my jam at the end of the day, whether it's making videos or going on podcasts
or doing workshops in real life.
Ali (14:40): The other day, I was doing a real-life talk
for 100 students of a part-time YouTuber academy.
And I had about, I don't know, two minutes to prepare the talk.
And I just went through my app thing.
Off the top of my head, I came up with a few bullet points, found some supporting evidence
in the second brain, and now the talk was ready within two minutes, while I was in an
Uber on the way to the conference venue.
And if you like this video, you might like to check out this over here, which is my long-form
interview with Tiago Forte on my deep dive podcast.
That'll be on the deep dive YouTube channel.
Or, alternatively, if you're interested in building your own productivity system, you
should check out this video over here, where I break down how mine works and talk about
how second brain physically and digitally ties into that productivity system.
So thank you so much for watching.
Do hit the subscribe button if you're not already, and I'll see you in the next video.
Bye-bye.