Everything we've named so far has been an alkane.
We've seen all single bonds.
Let's see if we can expand our repertoire a little bit and do
some alkenes.
So let's look at this first carbon chain right here.
And actually, here I drew out all of the hydrogens just to
remind you that everything we were doing before with just
the lines, it really was representing
something like this.
When you start having the double bonds, and we'll
explain it in more detail later on, it actually starts
to matter a little bit more to draw the constituents, because
there's actually different ways that you can arrange it.
Because these double bonds, you can imagine, they're more
rigid, you can't rotate around them as much.
But don't think about that too much right now.
Let's just try to name these things.
So like we always do, let's try to find the longest chain
of carbons.
And there's only one chain of carbons here.
There's one, two, three, four, five, six, seven carbons in
that chain.
So we're going to be dealing with hept,
that is seven carbons.
But it's not going to be a heptane.
Heptane would mean that we have all single bonds.
Here we have a double bond, so this is going to be an alkene.
So this tells us right here that we're dealing with an
alkene, not an alkane.
If you have a double bond, it's an alkene.
Triple bond, alkyne.
We'll talk about that in future videos.
This is hept, and we'll put an ene here, but we haven't
specified where the double bond is and we haven't
numbered our carbons.
When you see an alkene like this, you start numbering
closest to the double bond, just like as if it was a alkyl
group, as if it was a side chain of carbons.
So this side is closest to the double bond, so let's start
numbering there.
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven.
The double bond is between two and three, and to specify its
location, you start at the lowest of these numbers.
So this double bond is at two.
This is actually hept-2-ene.
So this tells us that we have a seven carbon chain that has
a double bond starting-- the ene tells us a double bond.
Let me write that down.
So this double bond right there, that's what
the ene tells us.
Double bond between two carbons, it's an alkene.
The double bond starts-- if you start at this point-- the
double bond starts at number two carbon, and then it will
go to the number three carbon.
Now you might be asking, well, what if I had more than one
double bond here?
So let me draw a quick example of that.
Let's say I have something like, one, two, three, four,
five, six, seven.
So this is the same molecule again.
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven.
The way we drew it up here, it would look
something like this.
What if I had another double bond sitting right here?
How would we specify this?
Well, once again we have seven carbons.
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven.
So we're still going to have a hept here.
It's still going to be an alkene, so
we put our ene here.
But we start numbering it, once again, closest to the
closest double bond.
So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven.
But now we have a double bond starting at two to three, so
it would be hept-2.
And we also have another double bond starting from four
and going to five, so hept-2,4-ene.
That's what this molecule right there is.
Sometimes, this is the-- I guess-- proper naming, but
just so you're familiar with it if you ever see it.
Sometimes someone would write hept-2-ene, they'll write that
as 2-heptene, probably because it's easier to say 2-heptene.
And from this, you would be able to draw this thing over
here, so it's giving you the same amount of information.
Similarly over here, they might say 2,4-heptene.
But this is the specific, this is the correct
way to write it.
It let's you know the two and the four apply to the ene,
which you know applies to double bonds.
Let's do a couple more.
So over here, I have a double bond, and I also have some
side chains.
Let's see if we can figure out how to deal with
all of these things.
So first of all, what is our longest chain of carbons?
So we have one, two, three, four, five, six.
Now we could go in either direction, it doesn't matter.
Seven carbons or seven carbons.
Let's start numbering closest to the double bond.
The double bond actually will take precedence over any other
groups that are attached to it.
So let's take precedence-- well, over any other
groups in this case.
There will be other groups that will take precedence in
the future.
But the double bond takes precedence over this side
chain, this methyl group.
But it doesn't matter in this case, we'd want to start
numbering at this end.
It's one, two carbon, three carbon, four carbon, five
carbon, six carbon, seven carbon.
So we're dealing with a hept again.
We have a double bond starting from the second carbon to the
third carbon.
So this thing right here, this double bond from the second
carbon to the third carbon.
So it's hept-2,3-ene-- sorry, not 2,3, 2-ene.
You don't write both endpoints.
If there was a three, then there would have been another
double bond there.
It's hept-2-ene.
And then we have this methyl group here, which is also
sitting on the second carbon.
So this methyl group right there on the second carbon.
So we would say 2-methyl-hept-2-ene.
It's a hept-2-ene, that's all of this part over here, double
bonds starting on the two if we're
numbering from the right.
And then the methyl group is also attached
to that second carbon.
Let's do one more of these.
So we have a cycle here, and once again the root is going
to be the largest chain or the largest ring here.
Our main ring is the largest one, and we have one, two,
three, four, five, six, carbon.
So we are dealing with hex as our root for kind of the core
of our structure.
It's in a cycle, so it's going to be cyclohex.
So let me write that.
So it's going to be cyclohex.
But it has a double bond in it.
So it's cyclohex ene, cyclohexene.
Let me do this in a different color.
So we have this double bond here, and that's why we know
it is an ene.
Now you're probably saying, Hey Sal, how come we didn't
have to number where the ene is?
So if you only have one double bond in a ring, it's assumed
that one end point of the double bond is your 1-carbon.
When you write just cyclohexene, you know-- so
cyclohexene would look just like this.
Just like that.
You don't have to specify where it is.
It's just, one of these are going to be the double bond.
Now when you have other constituents on it, by
definition or I guess the proper naming mechanism, is
one of the endpoints of the double bond will be the
1-carbon, and if any of those endpoints have something else
on it, that will definitely be the 1-carbon.
So these both are kind of the candidates for the 1-carbon,
but this point right here also has this methyl group.
We will start numbering there, one, and then you want to
number in the direction of the other side of the double bond.
One, two, three, four, five, six.
So we have three methyl groups, one on one.
So these are the-- let me circle the methyl groups.
That's a methyl group right there.
That's just one carbon.
So we have three methyl groups, so this is going to
be-- it's at the one, the four, and the six.
So it is 1, 4, 6.
We have three methyl groups, so it's trimethyl cyclohexene.
1, 4, 6-trimethylcyclohexene.
That's what that is, hopefully you found that useful.