If there is one thing that we all love it is people right? Yeah! People who watch SMASH
English! we don't care about the other people who don't! No. They are terrible. And we also love
nouns, am I right? Gosh! I really love nouns! And we love verbs! Yes! More than anything! So can we
combine our passions for people, nouns and verbs? Yes! Yes we can! Nouns of agency! We add a suffix
to a word to describe a person that does a verb! My name is Toby, this is SMASH English and here
is everything you need to know about suffixes to create a noun of agency for the B2 First
Cambridge exam. Before we begin I want you to remember something. Students online and in class
always ask me the same question: Toby! What are the rules? Rules! Give me rules!
And of course, I am a genius. I know the rules. I know all of the rules. I am the king
of rules! But do you really need to know them? No! And here is why. Sometimes learning the rules
is more complicated than just learning the words. For example some of the rules require you
to know if a word has a latin, greek, french or german origin. And why do you need to know that?
Why should you care about that? Seriously I don't care! You are preparing for an exam!
And for the B2 first exam the number of words that you need to know are quite limited. Usually it's
the same type of words that appear in the exam. So for you it is better to just learn the words
as you discover them. But then we have another problem! How do you know which words are important
in the B2 First Cambridge exam? And that's a good question! So this video will do some
amazing things! First I will give you the rules that you need to know! Yes. And... Yes.... I'll
give you lots of examples of words that you need to know for the B2 First exam!
That way even if you do see the rules and think: "oh my gosh I cannot learn that!" you can just
look at the words and learn them anyway and that's really useful and very important especially for
part three of the B2 First Use of English paper! And there is a whole video about that
right here, so... Great! So let's go! Nouns of agency! My favorite topic in English ever!
The first thing to know is that a -ER is the most common suffix for nouns of
agency. So if you don't know what to say just add ER -ER to a verb and you are probably right. The
second thing to know is that -ER, -OR and -AR are all pronounced the same. Teacher. Actor. Liar.
The sound is called the schwa. Let's take a look at the first suffix -ER and some rules.
If a verb ends in a single consonant then we usually add -ER to describe the person that does
the verb. So travel becomes traveller. Eat becomes eater. Cheat becomes cheater.
Drink becomes drinker and read becomes reader. But of course there are some exceptions.
Like sail becomes sailor. Why? I don't know. Conquer becomes conqueror. Why? I don't know.
And council becomes councillor. Why oh why oh why? I don't know! But I've made your life easy!
These are the exceptions that might come in useful in the B2 First Cambridge exam!
And they're here! For you! Right now! Because I'm a great guy! Let's go! Thank you, Toby...
If a verb ends in a silent -E then we usually add -ER. Love becomes lover. Hate
becomes hater. Write becomes writer. Bake becomes baker and ride becomes rider. But of course there
are some exceptions. For example supervise becomes supervisor and survive becomes survivor. And yes
these are the exceptions that I have found that might help you in your B2 First exam.
If a verb ends in a double consonant we add -ER. For example call becomes caller but
for some crazy reason in english we don't do this when a verb ends in -SS. Why? Because reasons!
With -SS there isn't really a rule at all! Nut don't worry because Toby is here to save the day!
So here are some common verbs that end in -SS and you should know the noun of agency for them and
they are assess becomes assessor. Process becomes processor. Possess becomes possessor and dress
becomes dresser. And why? I don't know and nor do you so I'm sorry! We're both very very stupid.
If a verb ends in two consonants that make a unique sound then we add -ER and that sounds
confusing so let me explain. For example the consonants C and H when together in a word
make the sound... The consonants S and H when together in a word make a unique sound...
The consonants N and G when together make a unique sound...
Oh god... So some examples: teach becomes teacher. March becomes marcher. Wash becomes washer.
Publish becomes publisher. Wish becomes wisher. Push becomes pusher and sing becomes singer.
A singer! Someone who sings! Oh yeah and there's one more! SMASH becomes
SMASHer! A smasher! Are you a smasher? A person that smashes the like button
and the subscribe button and the share button! Share it! Share the love! With your friends?
If you have friends... If you don't then share it with your mum... I'm sure she'll love me!
If a verb has more than one syllable and ends in -IT then we add the suffix
-OR and that sounds strange but it's quite common so some examples that you need to know
for the B2 First exam are: someone who visits is a visitor. Someone who inherits is an inheritor.
Someone that edits is an editor. And someone that inhabits is an inhabit... No! Someone that
inhabits somewhere, someone that lives somewhere is not an inhabiter they are an inhabitant!
And that's very common in the B2 First exam! So remember that word!
Inhabit is the verb! Inhabitant is the noun of agency! Yes? Yes! Yes... yes...
This one is also quite common so pay attention! If a verb has more than one syllable and ends
in the letters -ATE then we use the suffix -OR and there are many B2 First examples of this.
Someone that creates is a creator. Someone or something that generates is a generator.
Spectate becomes spectator. Someone that educates is an educator. Narrate
becomes narrator. Rotate becomes rotator. Operate becomes operator and calculate becomes calculator.
And here is another common one! If a verb ends in -CT we usually add the suffix -OR.
For example act becomes actor. Direct becomes director. Instruct becomes
instructor. Someone that collects is a collector and someone that protects
is a protector. And now I think we can move on to -AR.
For this one forget the rules! We don't need rules because there are only three nouns of agency that
you need to know and probably only three that exist! And I think that's true... There's only
three that exist! Ah that is... Someone that lies is a liar. Someone that burgles is a burglar.
And someone that begs is a beggar. And I'm gonna beg you to subscribe! I'm a beggar boy... beggar
boy... But there are other nouns of agency with -AR but -AR in these instances is not a suffix so
it shouldn't even be in this video! Don't worry! Please don't worry... But there is one that you
need to know and that is SCHOLAR. An academic. Someone that studies things. That reads books
and is paid to read books and write about what they read. That's a scholar. Scholar. Scholar.
To be honest we usually use the -AR suffix with adjectives. So just because you see a word
finishing in -AR it doesn't necessarily follow that that word is a noun. And if you want to learn
all about every single suffix that you need to know to make adjectives for the B2 First
Cambridge exam then watch this video right here! All about using suffixes to create adjectives for
the B2 First exam! Yes! Yes! Thank you! I'll watch that video as soon as this one finishes!
To make nouns of agency with -IAN we do not derive our root word from a verb. Instead it comes from
another noun. And guys seriously I have been looking at these words for hours. Okay maybe
not hours but at least one minute. I promise! One minute of my life was spent looking at these
words. And I cannot see any rules here. And I'm sure that one does exist somewhere in a very big
book but you're preparing for an exam! You don't have time to read a very big book and I have never
read a book in my life so please don't make me read one now! So here are some very important
examples that you need to know for the B2 First Cambridge exam! History becomes historian. Comedy
becomes comedian. Library becomes librarian. Electricity becomes electrician. Beauty becomes
beautician. Music becomes musician. Magic becomes magician. And someone that does politics is a
politician. Our favorite people in the world! Without them what would we do? I don't know.
So we have chemistry becoming chemist. Dentistry becoming dentist. Psychiatry
becoming psychiatrist. Pharmacy becoming pharmacist. Psychology becoming psychologist.
Biology becoming biologist. So the subject of specialization finishes in -Y and so we add
-IST to describe the person that does the subject and this is the rule, we've done the rule, right?
Well sometimes yes but not always for example science becomes scientist and physics becomes
physicist. Often we use the suffix -IST to talk about people that play musical instruments. So
violin becomes violinist. Piano becomes pianist. Flute becomes flutist. Guitar becomes guitarist
and drum becomes drum NO! The noun of agency for someone that plays the drums is drummer
and this is because the root word is derived from the verb "to drum" not the noun "a drum".
Why? I don't know! Am I even a teacher? I don't know! I don't know. Someone who is an -IST can
also be the follower of an ideology. If you follow the ideology of nationalism you are a nationalist.
If you follow the ideology of capitalism you are a capitalist. If you follow the ideology of
communism you are a communist. If you follow the ideology of liberalism you are a liberal... NO!
Someone that follows the ideology of liberalism is a liberal. So if you are a journalist it means
you support the ideology of journalism NO! A journalist is someone that does journalism. Not
someone that supports the ideology of journalism. What ideology is that? The ideology of lying!?
I know what you're thinking! You are thinking "Toby! I love ants!" And I love
people so wouldn't it be great if we could somehow combine ants and people? Well luckily with nouns
of agency we can! With the suffix -ANT or ant a-n-t. We can use the suffix -ANT to make nouns of
agency with verbs that end in -ATE. For example someone that participates is a participant.
Someone that migrates is a migrant. Someone that immigrates is an immigrant. However this
can sometimes be very confusing because we can add the suffix -ANT to a verb that ends in -ATE
to make an adjective not a noun. Some examples: someone that tolerates is tolerant (adjective).
Someone that dominates is dominant (adjective). Somewhere or something that someone has vacated
is vacant (adjective). And of course there are some other examples that you need to know for B2
First and I don't know the rules so I will just give you the two examples that you need to know
that do not seem to follow any obvious rules and they are: assist becomes assistant and apply
becomes applicant. Thank you, Toby! Thank you very much! We can add -EE to the end of a verb to talk
about the person that is the receiver of that verb and that sounds confusing but it's not. Listen!
Someone that pays is a payer and the person that receives the payment is the payee. PAYEE.
Horrible, horrible sound. I hate it. The person that gives employment is the employer the person
that receives employment is an employee. That sound again... And to be honest these are the
only two examples that you need to know for B2 First: payee and employee. Especially employee!
That's very very common in part three of the Use of english paper. So remember that one: employee.
Employment. Employer. Employee. If you know those words then basically you can pass the exam whilst
you're sleeping! That's not true. I just lied! But let's finish there before I lie even more
because lying is a terrible thing so... With that we are finished. Now you know every single thing
that you need to know about using suffixes to make nouns of agency for the B2 First Cambridge exam!
If you liked the video don't forget to SMASH that like button, subscribe if you haven't already,
leave a comment down below! My name is Toby and this was SMASH English...