A solubility table helps us identify whether a compound is soluble or insoluble.
If it's soluble that means it dissolves and it's aqueous.
If it's in soluble that means it does not dissolve and it's a solid.
All right let's look at our solubility table and figure out how in the world to use this.
So our solubility table is split into four different columns.
The first one tells us that it's soluble, making it aqueous.
So in the first group, whenever we have group one metals, that means that are compound will
be aqueous or soluble.
And then you'll note here that the other column, that second column says exceptions that make
it insoluble.
So in this case there are no exceptions to that rule.
Every single time you see a group one metal, that means your compound is soluble or aqueous.
And we'll keep looking at this trend and see that, okay, ammonium is the same exact thing
same with nitrate, acetate, and remember acetate can be written in two different ways which
I provided.
And then hydrogen carbonate, chlorate, perchlorate, all of those have absolutely no exception
to the rule, meaning it's always going to be soluble whenever that is placed within
a compound.
Now when we move on to something that's a halogen, so let’s say chlorine or bromine
or iodine, then it's typically soluble with the exception of these three metals.
So whenever we see silver or lead or mercury attached to some sort of halogen, that makes
it insoluble meaning it's a solid.
But if those metals were not attached to a halogen, then we know it would be aqueous
making it soluble.
The last one on this column is sulfate and then we have a lot of exceptions to our rule.
In this case all of these metals when they're attached to sulfate means it's going to be
insoluble or a solid.
Next we're going to move on to the bottom portion of our solubility table and all of these are
normally insoluble with a few exceptions.
So let's look at carbonate, that's typically a solid but we're going to have exceptions
to that rule that make it soluble or make it aqueous.
So if we have anything in group one or ammonium attached to carbonate that would mean it's
soluble, meaning it's aqueous.
But if we don't have any exceptions to that rule, then we know that carbonate is typically
a solid.
Let’s move on.
So let's look at chromate, same sort of concept here.
We're going to have exceptions to that rule so if it's group one metals or calcium, magnesium
or ammonium attached to chromate, then that means it’s aqueous or soluble.
And then phosphate, similar concept here, whenever we have group one metals and ammonium
attached to phosphate then that means it's aqueous again.
And you're going to see this trend to over and over.
Now we have sulfide and whenever that's attached to group one metals or ammonium, then we know
that's going to be a aqueous but if it's not attached to any of those exceptions to our
rule then we know that it's typically a solid.
And then lastly hydroxide, whenever it's attached to group one metals or ammonium or any of
these other metals, then we know it's aqueous.
But if it doesn't have that exception or that metal attached to it then we know it’s a
solid.
All right so now that you have a better understanding of a solubility table, let's try to predict
the solubility of different compounds.
So in our first example here we have potassium bromide.
Now where I usually start is, I start with the last element attached to that compound.
So I'm going to start off with bromine.
Now if I were to look at that I'm going to go back and identify where is bromine on my
solubility table and what exceptions are there to that rule, does this have any exceptions?
So bromine is a type of halogen.
So here we have, it's typically soluble with the exception of silver, lead or Mercury.
But potassium or K falls under group one which we know, okay, that those are always soluble
so right then and there we know that this is soluble.
So this must mean that it’s aqueous.
Let's move on to our other example.
Now I'll do the same thing, I'm going to look at the end and I see that it's flourine, once
again that’s our halogen, and then does this fall under any of the exceptions?
Yes it does because silver is one of those exceptions to our rule making it insoluble.
So we know that this entire compound is insoluble or we could also state that this is then a
solid.
Now let's look at iodine here, always starting with the second element within the compound.
And I know once again that’s a halogen.
Does lead fall under one of our exceptions?
Yes it does, so automatically we know that this is going to be a solid.
Now let's look at nitrate, nitrate has no exceptions so it's always soluble no matter
what.
Therefore we know it's aqueous.
Moving on to sulfide.
So sulfide is typically insoluble with the exception of any metals in group one or ammonium.
So lithium is in group one, it does fall under that exception.
So we know this compound is then soluble or aqueous.
Next we have phosphate.
So PO4 is typically insoluble however, with the exception of, once again, is it in group
one, those metals make it soluble or ammonium.
Which is exactly what we have in the very beginning, so since that does fall under one
of our exceptions this is soluble, so we know this is aqueous.
Next hydroxide or OH.
Here we'll see it's typically insoluble with the exception of any sort of metal in group
one or these other metals and ammonium.
Now MN or manganese does not fall under any of these exception so we know it's going to
be a solid or insoluble.
And lastly we have carbonate or CO3, that's typically insoluble with the exception of
group one metals and ammonium but magnesium does not fall under any of these exceptions
so we know it's going to be a solid or insoluble.
Now that you know how to use the solubility table make sure to download it.
I placed the link in the description box below, it's completely free, make sure to check it
out and if you still have trouble with solubility or you want more examples overall,
I’ve place a video that can help you out to keep practicing.
All right guys I'll see you in the next video.